Bird Speciation in Subtropical South America in Relation to Forest Expansion and Retraction

Nores, Manuel

doi:10.2307/4088203

Cited by 49 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Expansion of the Amazon and Atlantic Forest's spatial ranges seems to have shaped the genetic diversity in Pleurodema , a genus of Caatinga‐endemic frogs, by creating intermittent forest corridors that promoted recurrent isolation among populations (Thomé et al ., ). Likewise, expansion of the rain forests towards Cerrado and Chaco (Nores, ; Sobral‐Souza et al ., ) may have contributed to the structuring observed mainly in the mitochondrial dataset, the low genetic diversity indices and the demographical changes inferred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of the dry vegetation endemic species Nephila sexpunctata (Araneae: Araneidae) suggests recent expansion of the Neotropical Dry Diagonal

Bartoleti

Peres

Sobral‐Souza

et al. 2017

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim The Neotropical Dry Diagonal (DD) is a corridor of distinct dry environments in central South America. The main hypotheses suggest that these environments may have expanded during the glacial cycles together with a retraction of rainforests, and then shrank when the climate became wetter and warmer. However, few studies have explicitly tested the hypotheses on DD evolution. We conducted a phylogeographical study on Nephila sexpunctata, a spider endemic to Neotropical dry habitats, to enrich the understanding of DD evolutionary history. Location South‐western portion of the DD (Cerrado and Chaco). Methods We sequenced two mitochondrial regions and one nuclear DNA region of 65 individuals from 10 locations across the species’ range. We conducted analyses of genetic structure, variability, demography and inferred divergence times. We used an ecological niche modelling framework to generate hypotheses on the species’ distribution along the last glacial cycle and a model‐based approach to test the demographical scenarios that might explain the genetic patterns. Results Both markers presented low genetic diversity. Mitochondrial markers had high genetic structure, with specific geographical lineages within each biome, while the nuclear marker presented low genetic structure. Phylogeographical and demographical events encompass the last glacial cycle, with a strong post‐Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) population and spatial expansion. Model testing corroborated the recent demographical expansion of N. sexpunctata. Main Conclusions Our data suggest that Quaternary climate cycles, when moist forests periodically expanded towards the dry vegetation, influenced the diversification of DD organisms by promoting demographical events. These events might explain the genetic structure observed in N. sexpunctata; differently from what was expected by the Pleistocene refugia model, some DD species may have experienced post‐LGM expansion. Climate and geological events have both affected DD‐endemic organisms’ diversification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of the dry vegetation endemic species Nephila sexpunctata (Araneae: Araneidae) suggests recent expansion of the Neotropical Dry Diagonal

Bartoleti

Peres

Sobral‐Souza

et al. 2017

Journal of Biogeography

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“…For the past 35 years I have studied birds in different tropical and subtropical forest sites of South America (Nores 1992(Nores , 1999(Nores , 2000(Nores , 2004Nores et al 2005). In the first 20 years, I studied birds mostly in subtropical forests (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay), while in the past 15 years I have worked mainly in tropical forests (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia) ( Table 2).…”

Section: Study Area and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are bird populations in tropical and subtropical forests of South America affected by climate change?

Nores

2009

Climatic Change

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The tropical and subtropical moist forests of South America have been seen as remarkable for their great wealth of animals and plants and as the world leader in bird diversity. However, a problem is apparently affecting bird populations in these habitats, to the extent that most of the sites that I have studied in the last few years were practically "ornithological deserts". Censuses conducted in the Amazon rainforest in Ecuador and Bolivia have revealed no more than 15 species and 18 individuals in 1 day. It is evident that this is not a problem of the kind usually induced by humans at a local level, such as deforestation, hunting or pesticide use. The low diversity and activity were observed not only in disturbed habitats, but also in well-preserved national parks and reserves. If it is related to human activities, then this must be more widespread. One such possibility is global warming. For ornithological studies, this is a very severe problem that must be closely examined to see whether it is also a threat to bird survival and if it is related to climate change.

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“…Holub (Arana et al 2012); helechos del género Asplenium L. (Ganem et al 2007), Dennstaedtia Bernh. (Yañez et al 2014), Osmunda (Arana & Ponce 2015), numerosas angiospermas (Pennington et al 2000;Garcia et al 2014) y por grupos animales, como las aves que aprovechan los bosques en galería a la largo de los cursos de agua de los ríos Bermejo, Pilcomayo, Paraguay y Paraná (Nores 1992 Pennington et al 2000). Esta gran superficie boscosa fue gradualmente fragmentada en dos partes, una en el oeste (Yungas) y otra en el este (Paranaense) por el avance de los bosques xerófilos del domino Chaqueño, provocando la consecuente vicarianza dinámica de los taxones que componen estos bosques húmedos subtropicales, que ocupan dos áreas disyuntas entre los 23°S y 29°S (Morrone & Coscarón 1996;Pennington et al 2000;Katinas & Crisci 2008).…”

Section: Análisis Panbiogeográficounclassified

Revisión y análisis panbiogeográfico de las Hymenophyllaceae de las Yungas meridionales de Argentina (Selva Tucumano-Boliviana)

Arana

Larsen²,

Ponce³

2016

Rodriguésia

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ResumenHymenophyllaceae constituye uno de los linajes más tempranamente divergente dentro de los helechos, habitan lugares hiperhúmedos y su aparición se ha datado en el cretácico temprano, previa a la ruptura de Gondwana; estas características determinan que sean especialmente útiles para establecer patrones biogeográficos. En este trabajo se discuten la diversidad de la familia Hymenophyllaceae en las Yungas meridionales y sus vinculaciones biogeográficas, mediante un análisis panbiogeográfico. Se han encontrado nueve especies, comprendidas en cuatro géneros: Crepidomanes, Didymoglossum, Hymenophyllum y Polyphlebium; Crepidomanes pyxidiferum constituye una novedad florística a nivel genérico para Argentina. Se brindan una clave para todos los géneros de Hymenophyllaceae presentes en Argentina, así como claves entre todas las especies presentes en las Yungas, que además son descriptas e ilustradas. Palabras-clave: Crepidomanes, Dydimoglossum, Hymenophyllum, Polyphlebium, biogeografía. AbstractHymenophyllaceae represents a very ancient lineage of ferns that inhabit hyperhumid places and appeared in the Early Cretaceous, prior to the breakup of Gondwana; these features make Hymenophyllaceae especially useful to establish biogeographic patterns. The diversity of Hymenophyllaceae in meridional Yungas and their biogeographical relationships, employing a panbiogeographic analysis, are discussed. Nine species in four genera: Crepidomanes, Didymoglossum, Hymenophyllum and Polyphlebium were found; Crepidomanes pyxidiferum constitutes a novelty of generic level for Argentina. A key to all genera of Hymenophyllaceae present in Argentina are provided as well as keys for all species inhabiting the Yungas, which are also described and illustrated. The generalized track shows close relationships among the Argentine Yungas with the North Andes and the Parana dominion, overcoming the arid barrier represented by the Chacoan dominion. Furthermore, the South American Transition Zone constitutes a current barrier between the neotropical and the south-andean Hymenophyllaceae pteridofloras.

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Bird Speciation in Subtropical South America in Relation to Forest Expansion and Retraction

Cited by 49 publications

References 19 publications

Phylogeography of the dry vegetation endemic species Nephila sexpunctata (Araneae: Araneidae) suggests recent expansion of the Neotropical Dry Diagonal

Phylogeography of the dry vegetation endemic species Nephila sexpunctata (Araneae: Araneidae) suggests recent expansion of the Neotropical Dry Diagonal

Are bird populations in tropical and subtropical forests of South America affected by climate change?

Revisión y análisis panbiogeográfico de las Hymenophyllaceae de las Yungas meridionales de Argentina (Selva Tucumano-Boliviana)

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