Bipolar pollen germination in blue spruce (Picea pungens)

Breygina, Maria; Maksimov, N. M.; Polevova, Svetlana; Evmenyeva, Anastasia

doi:10.1007/s00709-018-01333-3

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In angiosperms, conifers and Gnetales, the primary role of the pollen tube is siphonogamy and the haustorial role is at best secondary. However, branched pollen tubes can occur even these taxa, especially conifers (Owens, Takaso & Runions, 1998; Breygina et al, 2019). Pollen tubes are highly dynamic structures that require sustenance, and in some angiosperms (e.g.…”

Section: Ovule Patterning and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and patterning of the ovule in seed plants

Rudall

2021

Biological Reviews

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The ovule and its developmental successor, the seed, together represent a highly characteristic feature of seed plants that has strongly enhanced the reproductive and dispersal potential of this diverse group of taxa. Ovules encompass multiple tissues that perform various roles within a highly constrained space, requiring a complex cascade of genes that generate localized cell proliferation and programmed cell death during different developmental stages. Many heritable morphological differences among lineages reflect relative displacement of these tissues, but others, such as the second (outer) integuments of angiosperms and Gnetales, represent novel and apparently profound and independent innovations. Recent studies, mostly on model taxa, have considerably enhanced our understanding of gene expression in the ovule. However, understanding its evolutionary history requires a comparative and phylogenetic approach that is problematic when comparing extant angiosperms not only with phylogenetically distant extant gymnosperms but also with taxa known only from fossils. This paper reviews ovule characters across a phylogenetically broad range of seed plants in a dynamic developmental context. It discusses both well-established and recent theories of ovule and seed evolution and highlights potential gaps in comparative data that will usefully enhance our understanding of evolutionary transitions and developmental mechanisms.

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Section: Ovule Patterning and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and patterning of the ovule in seed plants

Rudall

2021

Biological Reviews

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“…In saccate conifer pollen grains, the pollen tube emerges between the sacs, at the pole opposite to prothallial cells. Aperture area in this case is a furrow with relatively thin exine, and in its distal areas the appearance of exine ruptures is most likely ( Figure 3 a,c) [ 31 ]. However, since there are two such areas, some of the pollen grains produce not one but two tubes ( Figure 3 a), which could be considered as a feature that reduces the germination rate, or as a potential adaptation.…”

Section: Pollination and Pollen Germination In Gymnosperm Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth in Gymnosperms

Breygina

Klimenko

Schekaleva

2021

Plants

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Pollen germination and pollen tube growth are common to all seed plants, but these processes first developed in gymnosperms and still serve for their successful sexual reproduction. The main body of data on the reproductive physiology, however, was obtained on flowering plants, and one should be careful to extrapolate the discovered patterns to gymnosperms. In recent years, physiological studies of coniferous pollen have been increasing, and both the features of this group and the similarities with flowering plants have already been identified. The main part of the review is devoted to physiological studies carried out on conifer pollen. The main properties and diversity of pollen grains and pollination strategies in gymnosperms are described.

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“…We used several time points to monitor the activation process in spruce pollen in vitro. These points were chosen according to our previous study [5], in which we found that after 2 h, the pollen grain has a continuous exine (Figure 1c); at 6 h, the first exine ruptures appear (Figure 1d); after 9 h, small ruptures merge to obtain one or two large gaps through which the pollen tube initially comes out (Figure 1e); and at 14 h, the average pollen tube reaches, in length, the grain diameter. Nine hours is considered, thus representing the point of transition from activation to polar growth.…”

Section: Dynamics Of Pollen Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The next step is the formation of a pollen tube-a cell protrusion with a typical polarized structure: an apical domain with accumulated exocytic vesicles and a thin wall, a subapical area with an actin fringe, which keeps large organelles out of the apex, and a shank with mitochondria, ER and Golgi moving along the actin bundles, surrounded by a rigid wall [2]. Male gametophytes of angiosperms and conifers correspond in general terms to a similar structure plan but typical conifer pollen exhibits a wide range of features [3,4], among which are: a solid pollen wall, ability for bipolar germination [5] and different shape and size of the apical compartment, as well as the trajectory of organelle movement in pollen tubes [6][7][8][9], a rather sloping calcium gradient and membrane potential gradient [10,11], participation of microtubules in cyclosis [12] and specific arrangement of cell wall layers [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No information is yet available on other aspects of early germination. Early stages of pollen germination in conifers are difficult to study as (1) the pollen germinates for several hours or even days; and (2) pollen grains in many cases are covered with a continuous exine until one or several ruptures are formed [5], while most of the pollen grains in flowering plants have one or more apertures in the exine through which pollen tubes protrude [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of Pollen Activation and the Role of H+-ATPase in Pollen Germination in Blue Spruce (Picea pungens)

Breygina

Klimenko

Podolyan

et al. 2020

Plants

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Pollen is a highly specialized structure for sexual plant reproduction. Early stages of pollen germination require the transition from dormant state to active metabolism. In particular, an important role during this early phase of angiosperm pollen germination is played by H+-ATPase. Very little is known about pollen activation in gymnosperm species, and information on the involvement of H+-ATPase is lacking. We tracked four indicators characterizing the physiological state of pollen: membrane potential, intracellular pH, anion efflux and oxygen uptake, in order to monitor the dynamics of activation in Picea pungens. Based on pH dynamics during activation, we assumed the important role of H+-ATPase in spruce pollen germination. Indeed, germination was severely suppressed by P-type ATPase inhibitor orthovanadate. In spruce pollen tubes, a pronounced pH gradient with a maximum in the apical zone was found, which was different from the pollen tubes of flowering plants. Using orthovanadate and fusicoccin, we found that the proton pump is largely responsible for maintaining the gradient. Immunolocalization of the enzyme in pollen tubes showed that the distribution of H+-ATPase generally coincides with the shape of the pH gradient: its maximum accumulation is observed in the apical zone.

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Bipolar pollen germination in blue spruce (Picea pungens)

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Evolution and patterning of the ovule in seed plants

Evolution and patterning of the ovule in seed plants

Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth in Gymnosperms

Dynamics of Pollen Activation and the Role of H+-ATPase in Pollen Germination in Blue Spruce (Picea pungens)

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