Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth in Gymnosperms

Breygina, Maria; Klimenko, Ekaterina; Schekaleva, Olga

doi:10.3390/plants10071301

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…During pollen germination in all three parts of the stigma, style and ovary callus appear, and a callus prevents the pollen tube from germinating and elongating correctly, resulting in non-affinity (Estaji et al 2016, Breygina, Klimenko and Schekaleva 2021, Zheng et al 2018). In the present experiment, heterogamous pollination combinations of both morphs were affinity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological characteristics and molecular markers of distyly in Primula obconica

et al. 2023

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Primula obconica is a perennial herbaceous flower of the Primulaceae that exhibits a distinct heterostyly. Long(L)- and short(S)- styled morphs differ substantially in various ways, and these variations can have a direct impact on how plants regulate their genetic makeup. We can improve the genetic breeding of heterostyly plants by understanding their differences and genetic principles. This trial of P. obconica as a material and morphological observation, cross-fertilization characteristics, and ISSR molecular markers were carried out to analyze the difference in distyly comprehensively. The findings demonstrated that the pollen, stigma, and other floral characteristics of L- and S-morphs varied. The affinity of the both morphs also differed, the L- and S-morphs of inter-pollination had high fruition rates, and pollen and stigma showed compatibility. Under illegitimate pollination, the L-morphs showed partial fitness, while the S-morphs showed complete heteromorphic incompatibility. The ISSR analysis also revealed that 13 primer pairs were polymorphic, clearly banded, and stable, showing significant differences in molecular markers for different morphs. Our study reveals the differences between the morphs of the Primula, which can provide a basis for genetic evolution and breeding work on heterostyly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological characteristics and molecular markers of distyly in Primula obconica

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Pollen can aggregate on the germination medium, making counting germinated and non-germinated pollen grains difficult. Pollen tubes can form a net and have many air sacs which help them float [ 32 , 33 ], so they can aggregate at the top and center of the germination medium drop, while ungerminated pollen sinks. Since this can form a germination gradient in the drop, it is important to be consistent in the regions of the drop that are counted to calculate pollen germination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A protocol for Chenopodium quinoa pollen germination

et al. 2022

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Background Quinoa is an increasingly popular seed crop frequently studied for its tolerance to various abiotic stresses as well as its susceptibility to heat. Estimations of quinoa pollen viability through staining methods have resulted in conflicting results. A more effective alternative to stains is to estimate pollen viability through in vitro germination. Here we report a method for in vitro quinoa pollen germination that could be used to understand the impact of various stresses on quinoa fertility and therefore seed yield or to identify male-sterile lines for breeding. Results A semi-automated method to count germinating pollen was developed in PlantCV, which can be widely used by the community. Pollen collected on day 4 after first anthesis at zeitgeber time 5 was optimum for pollen germination with an average germination of 68% for accession QQ74 (PI 614886). The optimal length of pollen incubation was found to be 48 h, because it maximizes germination rates while minimizing contamination. The pollen germination medium’s pH, boric acid, and sucrose concentrations were optimized. The highest germination rates were obtained with 16% sucrose, 0.03% boric acid, 0.007% calcium nitrate, and pH 5.5. This medium was tested on quinoa accessions QQ74, and cherry vanilla with 68%, and 64% germination efficiencies, respectively. Conclusions We provide an in vitro pollen germination method for quinoa with average germination rates of 64 and 68% on the two accessions tested. This method is a valuable tool to estimate pollen viability in quinoa, and to test how stress affects quinoa fertility. We also developed an image analysis tool to semi-automate the process of counting germinating pollen. Quinoa produces many new flowers during most of its panicle development period, leading to significant variation in pollen maturity and viability between different flowers of the same panicle. Therefore, collecting pollen at 4 days after first anthesis is very important to collect more uniformly developed pollen and to obtain high germination rates.

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“…Pollen can aggregate on the germination medium, making counting germinated and non-germinated pollen grains difficult. Pollen tubes can form a net and have many air sacs which help them float [30,31], so they can aggregate at the top and center of the germination medium drop, while ungerminated pollen sinks. Since this can form a germination gradient in the drop, it is important to be consistent in the regions of the drop that are counted to calculate pollen germination.…”

Section: Imaging Of Pollenmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Protocol For Chenopodium Quinoa Pollen Germination

Castillo

Tovar

Shamin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Quinoa is an increasingly popular seed crop frequently studied for its tolerance to various abiotic stresses as well as its susceptibility to heat. Estimations of quinoa pollen viability through staining methods have resulted in conflicting results. A more effective alternative to stains is to estimate pollen viability through in vitro germination. Here we report a method for in vitro quinoa pollen germination that could be used to understand the impact of various stresses on quinoa fertility and therefore seed yield or to identify male-sterile lines for breeding. Results: A semi-automated method to count germinating pollen was developed in PlantCV, which can be widely used by the community. Pollen collected on day 4 after first anthesis at ZT5 was optimum for pollen germination with an average germination of 68% for accession QQ74 (PI 614886). The optimal length of pollen incubation was found to be 48 hours, because it maximizes germination rates while minimizing contamination. The pollen germination medium’s pH, boric acid, and sucrose concentrations were optimized. The highest germination rates were obtained with 16% sucrose, 0.03% boric acid, 0.007% calcium nitrate, and pH 5.5. This medium was tested on quinoa accessions QQ74, and cherry vanilla with 68%, and 64% germination efficiencies, respectively. Conclusions: We provide an in vitro pollen germination method for quinoa with average germination rates of 64 and 68% on the two accessions tested. This method is a valuable tool to estimate pollen viability in quinoa, and to test how stress affects quinoa fertility. We also developed an image analysis tool to semi-automate the process of counting germinating pollen. Quinoa produces many new flowers during most of its panicle development period, leading to significant variation in pollen maturity and viability between different flowers of the same panicle. Therefore, collecting pollen at 4 days after first anthesis is very important to collect more uniformly developed pollen and to obtain high germination rates.

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Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth in Gymnosperms

Cited by 20 publications

References 103 publications

Morphological characteristics and molecular markers of distyly in Primula obconica

Morphological characteristics and molecular markers of distyly in Primula obconica

A protocol for Chenopodium quinoa pollen germination

A Protocol For Chenopodium Quinoa Pollen Germination

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