Biphasic protection against bacterial infection in mice induced by vaccination of Propionibacterium acnes

Abstract

A single intraperitoneal injection of the phenol-treated cells of Propionibacterium acnes into mice showed nonspecific resistance against subsequent lethal doses of an intraperitoneal challenge of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes. The protection showed a biphasic pattern. The maximum protection, designated as the early phase protection, was seen in mice injected with P. acnes vaccine 1 to 2 days before the challenge, whereas the late phase protection was seen in mice vaccinated 16 to 22 days before the challenge. The activity of the reticuloendothelial system in mice after vaccination also showed a biphasic pattern with the peak on days 4 and 12. The delayed activation of the reticuloendothelial system lasted up to 3 weeks and coincided with the period of the late phase protection. The early phase resistance was markedly impaired by the treatment with hydrocortisone and carrageenan, but not by the treatment with anti-thymocyte serum, actinomycin D, or cyclophosphamide. The number of peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vaccinated mice increased on days 1 to 2. The number of macrophages also increased at 2 to 21 days after vaccination and reached its maximum on day 14. Total activities of acid phosphatase, Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reduction, and the phagocytic activities of peritoneal exudate cells were also enhanced on and after day 1 after the injection of P. acnes vaccine.

Antibodies Elicited by Inactivated Propionibacterium acnes-Based Vaccines Exert Protective Immunity and Attenuate the IL-8 Production in Human Sebocytes: Relevance to Therapy for Acne Vulgaris

“…Ear thickness was measured regularly for 78 days, revealing a biphasic ear-swelling pattern. This is consistent with previous findings illustrating a biphasic change in the activity of the mouse reticuloendothelial system after intraperitoneal injection with phenol-treated P. acnes (Kobayashi et al, 1980). The biphasic pattern was interpreted by the fluctuation in the number of macrophages and other host cells in the inflamed skins.…”

“…These data implied that inactivated P. acnes vaccines may increase host immunity. Adversely, vaccination targeting whole bacterium may lack specificity (Kobayashi et al, 1980). Genomic (Bruggemann et al, 2004;Bruggemann, 2005) and/or proteomics approached may help in antigen selection for the development of component acne vaccines.…”

Vaccination Targeting a Surface Sialidase of P. acnes: Implication for New Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

“…Although these killed P. acnes -based vaccines showed a good effect on acne patients, their effect is based on the non-specific modulation of the immune system of patients. Furthermore, It has been shown that mice immunized with killed P. acnes demonstrate non-specific resistance to challenge with other microbes [26] . A single intraperitoneal injection of phenol-treated P. acnes into mice showed non-specific resistance against subsequent lethal doses of an intraperitoneal challenge of Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes ( S. pypgenes ) [26] .…”

“…Furthermore, It has been shown that mice immunized with killed P. acnes demonstrate non-specific resistance to challenge with other microbes [26] . A single intraperitoneal injection of phenol-treated P. acnes into mice showed non-specific resistance against subsequent lethal doses of an intraperitoneal challenge of Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes ( S. pypgenes ) [26] . Recently, it has been shown that animals sensitized with P. acnes exhibit an increased susceptibility to E. coli lipopolysacharride (LPS) induced sepsis and [27] and liver failure [28] .…”

Enhancement of Natural Resistance to Influenza Virus in Lipopolysaccharide-Responsive and -Nonresponsive Mice by Propionibacterium acnes

“…Thus, it has been observed that i.p. inoculation elicits two distinct activities: (i) a short-term and local stimulation in the peritoneal cavity and (ii) a long-term and systemic stimulation of the reticuloendothelium (31). The results of our study indicate that, depending on the route of inoculation, either activated macrophages (after i.n.…”