Biphasic composite of calcium phosphate-based mesoporous silica as a novel bone drug delivery system

Abstract

We reported the new biphasic composites of calcium phosphate and mesoporous silica material (CaP@MSi) in the form of powders and pellets as a potential bone drug delivery system for doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX). The CaP@MSi powders were synthesized by cationic surfactant-templating method. The effects of 10, 20, and 30% CaP content in the CaP@MSi powders on the molecular surface structure, the cytotoxicity against osteoblast cells in vitro, and the mineralization potential in simulated body fluid were investigated. The CaP@MSi characterized by the highest mineralization potential (30% CaP content) were used for DOX adsorption and pelletization process. The CaP which precipitated in the CaP@MSi composites was characterized as calcium-deficient with the Ca:P molar ratio between 1.0 and 1.2. The cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that the CaP content in MSi increases osteoblasts viability indicating the CaP@MSi (30% CaP content) as the most biocompatible. The combination of CaP and MSi was an effective strategy to improve the mineralization potential of parent material. Upon immersion in simulated body fluid, the CaP of composite converted into the bone-like apatite. The obtained pellets preserved the mineralization potential of CaP@MSi and provided the prolonged 5-day DOX release. The obtained biphasic CaP@MSi composites seem to have an application potential as bone-specific drug delivery system.

Mesoporous Silica-Bioglass Composite Pellets as Bone Drug Delivery System with Mineralization Potential

“…Moreover, the DOX fraction present on the external silica surface dissolved immediately after immersion in the release medium. A similar release rate of DOX from mesoporous silicas has been previously observed in ours [ 22 , 36 ] and other researchers’ works [ 38 , 39 ].…”

“…41 (MCM-41) developed by researchers at Mobil Oil Corporation [ 21 ]. The MCM-41 material is considered by numerous scientists as a novel bone drug delivery system with potential application in the treatment of bacterial bone infection [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The MCM-41 material offers many advantages such as high drug adsorption capacity, the improvement of drug stability located inside the mesopores channels, prolonged drug release, and increased drug bioavailability directly in bone tissue [ 25 ].…”

Microwave-Assisted Fabrication of Mesoporous Silica-Calcium Phosphate Composites for Dental Application

“…Moreover, the materials intended for dental application should not only promote the remineralization of tissue but also suppress the bacterial biofilm formation [ 4 ]. According to the confirmed in vitro mineralization properties of presented SBA-CaP composites and previously reported high drug loading capacity of mesoporous silica-CaP materials together with prolonged release profiles [ 78 ], the composites may be considered as a promising dual-function additive to dental resins. Zhang et al [ 80 ] proposed a dental resin enriched with calcium-doped and ciprofloxacin-adsorbed mesoporous silica as a restorative material.…”

“…Moreover, the shift of bands at maximum absorbance from ~1070 cm −1 to ~1040 cm −1 (after 21 days of incubation in SBF) proved the dominant contribution of hydroxyapatite bonds in the investigated composites. The additional increase in bands’ intensity characteristic for CO 3 2− groups at ~1430 cm −1 and ~860 cm −1 was noted; thus, incorporation of carbonates into the hydroxyapatite structure occurred, which is a well-known phenomenon in SBF [ 58 , 77 , 78 ]. The above-mentioned observations of both XRD and FTIR results confirmed the mineralization potential of the obtained composites as well as the SEM-EDX micrographs ( Figure 2 ).…”

Sol-gel: Uncomplicated, routine and affordable synthesis procedure for utilization of composites in drug delivery: Review

“…CaP as bioactive carriers produced in different kinds, such as thin coatings, ceramics, composites, and cement, appear to be an appropriate and widely used option in prosthesis for bone regeneration, [106]. The recent biphasic composites of mesoporous silica and calcium phosphate material (CaP@MSi) in powder and pellet form were produced by Prokopowicz et al [107] as a promising bone drug delivery method for doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX). The collected pellets retained CaP@ MSi permeability capacity and supported the sustained release of DOX for five days.…”