Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramics for Bone Regeneration and Tissue Engineering Applications

Abstract

Biphasic calcium phosphates (BCP) have been sought after as biomaterials for the reconstruction of bone defects in maxillofacial, dental and orthopaedic applications. They have demonstrated proven biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, safety and predictability in in vitro, in vivo and clinical models. More recently, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that BCP can be osteoinductive. In the field of tissue engineering, they represent promising scaffolds capable of carrying and modulating the behavior of stem cells. This review article will highlight the latest advancements in the use of BCP and the characteristics that create a unique microenvironment that favors bone regeneration.

Small-sized granules of biphasic bone substitutes support fast implant bed vascularization

“…To determine the chemical composition X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted using an X-ray diffractometer (PANalytic X'Pert MPD, PANalytical, Almelo, Netherlands) with a fixed incident beam angle of 5 and a detector angle range of 5 < 2u < 80 in combination with the X'Pert High Score software. A Cu Ka (1.54184 A8) radiation at a voltage of 50 kV, a current of 40 mA, a step size of 0.02 and a scan rate of 1.2 / min were used.…”

“…5,7 Both resorption patterns do not result in an optimal standing time in keeping with the theory of guided bone regeneration (GBR) that calls for a balanced resorption pattern parallel to the ingrowth of bone tissue. 5,7 Within synthetic bone substitute materials, socalled biphasic materials that are mixtures of HA and b-TCP have been shown to exhibit an intermediate level of biodegradation. [5][6][7] A previous study by our group revealed that a biphasic bone substitute material with a HA/b-TCP ratio of 60/40 combined the inflammatory and degradation characteristics of the 2 compounds.…”

“…3,4 However, it has been shown that these 2 ceramics exhibit different resorption patterns characterized by different dissolution properties and degrees of induction of phagocytosis based on mono-and multinucleated cells. 5,6 Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that bone substitute materials based on HA can persist for many years within their implantation beds, while those based on b-TCP are subjected to rapid degradation. 5,7 Both resorption patterns do not result in an optimal standing time in keeping with the theory of guided bone regeneration (GBR) that calls for a balanced resorption pattern parallel to the ingrowth of bone tissue.…”

“…5,6 Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that bone substitute materials based on HA can persist for many years within their implantation beds, while those based on b-TCP are subjected to rapid degradation. 5,7 Both resorption patterns do not result in an optimal standing time in keeping with the theory of guided bone regeneration (GBR) that calls for a balanced resorption pattern parallel to the ingrowth of bone tissue. 5,7 Within synthetic bone substitute materials, socalled biphasic materials that are mixtures of HA and b-TCP have been shown to exhibit an intermediate level of biodegradation.…”

“…5,7 Within synthetic bone substitute materials, socalled biphasic materials that are mixtures of HA and b-TCP have been shown to exhibit an intermediate level of biodegradation. [5][6][7] A previous study by our group revealed that a biphasic bone substitute material with a HA/b-TCP ratio of 60/40 combined the inflammatory and degradation characteristics of the 2 compounds. 6 It was observed that high numbers of multinucleated giant cells and high vascularization rates were induced within the first 15 d after implantation, comparable to the results of pure b-TCP.…”