Biparametric potentiometric analytical microsystem for nitrate and potassium monitoring in water recycling processes for manned space missions

Potentiometric analytical microsystem based on the integration of a gas-diffusion step for on-line ammonium determination in water recycling processes in manned space missions

“…In this sense, best results for the reference electrode were found with the Ag/AgCl ink C2030812D3 taking into account adhesion to the COC substrate and stability of the signal. As expected [1], in the case of ISE, it was found that the conductive support which showed best results in terms of adhesion to both the polymeric substrate and the PVC membrane, was the graphite-epoxy composite. Consequently, better analytical features, such as sensitivity, repeatability and baseline signal stability, were achieved.…”

“…Water recycling systems are being developed by the European Space Agency (ESA), the Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOS-MOS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to overcome the problem of water supply for long duration manned space missions [1][2][3][4]. The system proposed by ESA allows the conversion of urine, cabin condensate water and gray water (waste hygiene water) into hygiene water or even, if necessary, into drinking water by means of diverse processes such as nitrification, different filtration steps, reverse osmosis and remineralization.…”

Multi-region assessment of pharmaceutical exposures and predicted effects in USA wadeable urban-gradient streams

“…The stronger broad regional correlation in this study between potassium and pharmaceuticals may reflect comparatively less variability in non-wastewater potassium sources as well as the usage of potassium salts (e.g., ferrate, ferrocyanate) as floculants/coagulants in wastewater treatment [124]. Emerging sensor technologies that hold promise for next generation monitoring of potassium (and other ions) include recently described nanorod-based potassium ion sensors [125] and multi-parameter potentiometric microanalyzers (lab-on-a-chip platforms) developed for space travel [126][127][128] and environmental water quality monitoring [129,130].…”

A Comprehensive Review of Microfluidic Water Quality Monitoring Sensors

“…Calvo-López et al [115] developed a compact low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC)-based continuous flow potentiometric microanalyzer prototype to concurrently detect the occurrence of nitrate and potassium ions in the specimens of water recycling process (Figure 6b). The microsystem combined microfluidics with the sensing mechanism within the same substrate.…”

“…( a ) Nitrate sensor chip with wireless communication interface [113]; ( b ) experimental set up of low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC)-based continuous flow potentiometric microanalyzer to determine potassium and nitrate [115]; ( c ) a mobile sensing platform with a plug-n-play microelectronic ionic sensor to detect nitrate [114]; and ( d ) nTiO2-modified graphene foam (GF)-based nitrate sensor [117]. …”