Bioturbation and the early diagenesis of carbon and sulfur

Berner, Robert A.; Westrich, Joseph T.

doi:10.2475/ajs.285.3.193

Cited by 225 publications

(93 citation statements)

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“…Shallower particle mixing also implies less efficient re-oxidation of iron sulphide formed at depth in the sediment. Sulphide burial and retention efficiencies increase at the expense of reoxidation because the latter requires particle transport from the reduced, deeper to oxygenated, surface layers (Berner and Westrich, 1985). Loss of irrigating animals likely lowers oxygen uptake because their consumption rates are often transport limited in coastal systems with abundant quantities of labile organic matter (Glud, 2008).…”

Section: Effect Of Oxygen On Macrobenthos and Consequences For Sedimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…labile organic matter is transported downward and diluted into a larger pool of refractory carbon and metal oxides delivered to or formed in the surface layer may be transported downward to more reduced layers (Sundby and Silverberg, 1985;Thamdrup et al, 1994;Ferro et al, 2003;Burdige, 2006). Conversely, reduced products such as iron sulphide (pyrite) may be mixed from subsurface to surface layers where they are then oxidized by oxygen, nitrate or other oxidants (Berner and Westrich, 1985;Aller and Rude, 1988;. Accordingly, sedimentary iron and manganese cycling depend strongly on particle mixing as particulate metal oxides are transferred downwards to more reduced layers and particulate reduced forms (pyrite, manganese carbonates) are mixed upwards to zones of reoxidation (Thamdrup, 2000;Burdige, 2006).…”

Section: Macrobenthos and Sediment Biogeochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normally, the iron sulphide minerals and organic sulphur formed in coastal sediments are also oxidized efficiently and then integrated into the oxidative sedimentary S cycle (Jørgensen, 1977). The efficiency of this part of the sulphur cycle depends on bioturbation (faunal mixing) of reduced particulate sulphur and non-steady state diagenetic processes stimulating contact between reduced and oxidized compounds (Berner and Westrich, 1985). Re-oxidation of reduced sulphur compounds may involve oxygen, nitrate, metal oxides or more oxidized sulphur compounds (Jørgensen, 2006).…”

Section: Sediment Biogeochemistry In Oxic Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coastal hypoxia and sediment biogeochemistry

2009

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Abstract. The intensity, duration and frequency of coastal hypoxia (oxygen concentration <63 µM) are increasing due to human alteration of coastal ecosystems and changes in oceanographic conditions due to global warming. Here we provide a concise review of the consequences of coastal hypoxia for sediment biogeochemistry. Changes in bottomwater oxygen levels have consequences for early diagenetic pathways (more anaerobic at expense of aerobic pathways), the efficiency of re-oxidation of reduced metabolites and the nature, direction and magnitude of sediment-water exchange fluxes. Hypoxia may also lead to more organic matter accumulation and burial and the organic matter eventually buried is also of higher quality, i.e. less degraded. Bottom-water oxygen levels also affect the organisms involved in organic matter processing with the contribution of metazoans decreasing as oxygen levels drop. Hypoxia has a significant effect on benthic animals with the consequences that ecosystem functions related to macrofauna such as bio-irrigation and bioturbation are significantly affected by hypoxia as well. Since many microbes and microbial-mediated biogeochemical processes depend on animal-induced transport processes (e.g. re-oxidation of particulate reduced sulphur and denitrification), there are indirect hypoxia effects on biogeochemistry via the benthos. Severe long-lasting hypoxia and anoxia may result in the accumulation of reduced compounds in sediments and elimination of macrobenthic communities with the consequences that biogeochemical properties during trajectories of decreasing and increasing oxygen may be different (hysteresis) with consequences for coastal ecosystem dynamics.

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Section: Effect Of Oxygen On Macrobenthos and Consequences For Sedimementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Macrobenthos and Sediment Biogeochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sediment Biogeochemistry In Oxic Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coastal hypoxia and sediment biogeochemistry

2009

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“…Les quantités de fer formées sont donc dépendantes de nombreux phénomènes, qui peuvent suivant les cas avoir une importance variable. Parmi ceux-ci citons la quantité et la qualité de la matière organique qui sédimente, la vitesse de dépôt, la quantité de sulfates disponibles ainsi que la température [2], [8], [1]. La quantité de sulfure qui précipite peut être, quant à elle, fortement dépendante de la quantité de fer mobilisable.…”

Section: Référencesunclassified

Un cas de corrosion biologique en eau de bassin portuaire

et al. 1998

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“…Only a small portion of reduced sulfur (< 10%) remains deposited in the sediment over a longer period of time [8][9][10][11]. Sulfur deposition is an e ect of the balance of two opposite processes: sulfate(VI) reduction and sul de oxidation [5], which are associated with the activity of bacteria found in sediments deposited at the bottom of lake water bodies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of sulfur speciation in sediments from Sulejów,Turawa and Siemianówka dam reservoirs (Poland)

et al. 2015

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Abstract:A study on sulfur circulation in sediments was carried out in dam reservoirs (Sulejów, Siemianówka, Turawa) with di erent hydrological and age characteristics as well as with a di erent level of sediment accumulation and organic matter content. Di erences in the isotopic composition of SO − in the water column and small variations in the concentration of this ion were observed in the Turawa reservoir. The investigations did not show vertical variation in the watercolumn concentrations and isotopic composition. This is due to the small depths of the reservoir and mixing of water. A part of sulfate sulfur from the water column is reduced by incorporating it into cell structures, while a part of it is deposited in the sediment. The study revealed a small exchange of SO − between the water column and the sediment. Depending on the season of the year and the sediment sampling site, biogeochemical transformations of sulfur species are observed. A signi cant variation in the biogeochemical processes was found between the Siemianówka and Sulejów reservoirs, both in the concentrations and in the isotopic composition of particular sulfur species. This primarily results from the di erent characteristics of either of these reservoirs ( ows, sedimentation, and material discharge to the lake). The main source of sulfur supplied to the sediments in the Siemianówka reservoir is organic sulfur contained in organic matter deposited at the bottom. In the sediment, organic sulfur is bacterially oxidized and xed as SO − .This is manifested in a substantial enrichment of sulfate in S. The presence of polysul des was found in both reservoirs, but a distinct depletion of δ S(S − ) in the light sulfur isotope was observed in the Siemianówka reservoir. In a part of the Sulejów reservoir, polysul des are oxidized to SO − ,probably at the sediment/water interface.

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Bioturbation and the early diagenesis of carbon and sulfur

Cited by 225 publications

References 0 publications

Coastal hypoxia and sediment biogeochemistry

Coastal hypoxia and sediment biogeochemistry

Un cas de corrosion biologique en eau de bassin portuaire

Variability of sulfur speciation in sediments from Sulejów,Turawa and Siemianówka dam reservoirs (Poland)

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