Biotransformation of Bile Acids, Cholesterol, and Steroid Hormones

Baron, Stephen F.; Hylemon, Phillip B.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4111-0_13

Cited by 29 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…this step is the partial formation of secondary BA from the primary BA which are formed in the hepatocytes (Hofmann, 1999). Intestinal bacteria with 7a-dehydroxylating activities belonging to the genera Eubacterium and Clostridium are also known (Baron & Hylemon, 2000). Other enzymic actions lead to the insertion of OH groups at C-atom 6, the changing of OH groups from the a-into the b-position or the formation of keto groups from OH groups (Baron & Hylemon, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Discussion Forum

Burdge¹

2003

br j nutr

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Discussion Forum

Burdge¹

2003

br j nutr

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“…The quality of nutrition fed to the quail affects egg characteristics and quality, such as the size and proportions of the main content of the yolk and albumin. Cholesterol is important for health because it is used as the building blocks for the production of hormones and bile acids, but excessive cholesterol consumption will be detrimental to health as it can lead to atherosclerosis (Baron & Hylemon, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Lipid Profile of Coturnix coturnix japonica Fed whith Organic Feed and Supplement Curcuma longa

2017

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People's concern about quail egg consumption has triggered the efforts to produce quail eggs with low cholesterol content by using organic feed. Organic feed is one type of feed rations made of mixing organic material. In this study, standard organic feed (rice bran, yellow corn, soybean, and fishmeal) and organic feed containing mackerel, cassava leaves, and turmeric powder was administere to female japanese quail. Organic feed containing mackerel, cassava leaves, and turmeric powder can affect the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica L.) lipid profile. This research used experimental methods. Twenty-seven female Japanese quails were divided into 3 treatment groups (PO: commercial feed, P1: standard organic feed, P2: feed containing organic turmeric powder, cassava leaves, and mackerel) for 145 days with 9 repeat. Data obtained were in the form of average daily feed intake and blood lipid profiles of each treatment group. Further data analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan test. The results showed that administration of organic feed containing mackerel, cassava leaves, and turmeric powder can reduce the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL but increase the HDL levels in Japanese quail. Supplementation of turmeric powder improve the chemical quality of Japanese quail eggs, so it is good for the development of quail embryos as well as for consumption. It can be concluded that organic feed and turmeric powder supplementation stabilize blood lipid profile and improve the reproduction of Japanese quail egg low cholesterol, so good for the development of embryo quail and for consumption.

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“…These amphipathic steroid molecules are found exclusively in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and are critical for the absorption of dietary lipophilic ingesta in the lumen of the small intestine because of their capacity to spontaneously form micelles above certain critical concentrations. It is estimated that bile acids are present at high concentrations in this region (approximately 4 to 20 mM in the duodenum [17,21]) and that their reabsorption in the terminal ileum is incomplete, leaving 200 to 600 mg per day in humans that escapes to the colon, where complex microbial populations exist (2). Thus, from the perspective of the bacterium, they are powerfully noxious emulsifying agents that have been implicated as the "natural substrates" for some MDE pumps, especially in a commensal organism like E. coli (17,25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like bile acids, certain steroid hormones are subject to enterohepatic circulation and are secreted in bile once conjugated to either glucuronide or sulfate by the liver at levels approximating 6 to 13 mg per day (2). As with bile acids, reports of bacterial interactions with steroid hormones are limited to the hydrolysis of such conjugates (deconjugation) and transformations of the steroid ring structure by several genera of gram-positive commensal bacteria (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian Steroid Hormones Are Substrates for the Major RND- and MFS-Type Tripartite Multidrug Efflux Pumps of Escherichia coli

Elkins

Mullis

2006

J Bacteriol

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A steroid-hormone-dependent growth suppression was observed in Escherichia coli efflux-deficient backgrounds containing mutations in the major RND-and MFS-type tripartite multidrug efflux systems, AcrABTolC and EmrAB-TolC, respectively. In addition to their previously known natural steroid spectrum, which includes bile acids, both systems were shown to transport the hormones estradiol and progesterone, whereas hydrocortisone served as a substrate of only AcrAB-TolC. Furthermore, at least two other RND-type pumps, YhiV and AcrD, were capable of transporting such hormones when overexpressed on plasmid vectors (with some demonstrable specificity observed with AcrD). When this activity was examined in a wild-type background, cell-associated estradiol levels remained largely unaffected by competition with exogenous bile acids and hydrocortisone, in contrast to progesterone, which produced a significant modulation in estradiol uptake.

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Biotransformation of Bile Acids, Cholesterol, and Steroid Hormones

Cited by 29 publications

References 174 publications

Nutrition Discussion Forum

Nutrition Discussion Forum

Blood Lipid Profile of Coturnix coturnix japonica Fed whith Organic Feed and Supplement Curcuma longa

Mammalian Steroid Hormones Are Substrates for the Major RND- and MFS-Type Tripartite Multidrug Efflux Pumps of Escherichia coli

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