Biotransformation enzyme activities and phase I metabolites analysis in<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>following intramuscular administration of T-2 toxin

Deng, Yijia; Wang, Yaling; Sun, Lijun; Lu, Pengli; Wang, Rundong; Lin, Yi-Guang; Xu, Defeng; Ye, Riying; Liu, Ying; Bi, Siyuan; Gooneratne, Ravi

doi:10.1080/01480545.2017.1320407

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In addition, CYP1A1 in human [ 34 ]; CYP3A46, CYP3A29, and CYP3A22 in pig [ 94 , 95 , 96 ]; and CYP1A5 and CYP3A37 in chicken [ 97 , 98 ] mainly convert T-2 to 3′-OH-T-2 and HT-2 to 3′-OH-HT-2 [ 145 ]. The carboxylesterase is also an important phase I enzyme, contributing to the rapid metabolism of T-2 to HT-2 [ 100 ]. A recent study revealed that cholic acid supplementation promotes the T-2 metabolism through activation of the farnesoid X receptor, which was found to have significantly increased the expression of CYP3A37 [ 99 ].…”

Section: Biotransformation Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycotoxins: Biotransformation and Bioavailability Assessment Using Caco-2 Cell Monolayer

Tran

Viktorová

Ruml

2020

Toxins

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The determination of mycotoxins content in food is not sufficient for the prediction of their potential in vivo cytotoxicity because it does not reflect their bioavailability and mutual interactions within complex matrices, which may significantly alter the toxic effects. Moreover, many mycotoxins undergo biotransformation and metabolization during the intestinal absorption process. Biotransformation is predominantly the conversion of mycotoxins meditated by cytochrome P450 and other enzymes. This should transform the toxins to nontoxic metabolites but it may possibly result in unexpectedly high toxicity. Therefore, the verification of biotransformation and bioavailability provides valuable information to correctly interpret occurrence data and biomonitoring results. Among all of the methods available, the in vitro models using monolayer formed by epithelial cells from the human colon (Caco-2 cell) have been extensively used for evaluating the permeability, bioavailability, intestinal transport, and metabolism of toxic and biologically active compounds. Here, the strengths and limitations of both in vivo and in vitro techniques used to determine bioavailability are reviewed, along with current detailed data about biotransformation of mycotoxins. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of mycotoxin effects is also discussed regarding the disorder of intestinal barrier integrity induced by mycotoxins.

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Section: Biotransformation Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transformation of T-2 to T-2-3-glucuronide and HT-2 to HT-2-3-glucuronide and HT-2-4-glucuronide occurs in liver microsomes of rats, mice, pigs and humans [ 155 ]. The activities of GSTs and sulfotransferases can be also attributed to the conjugation reaction as a response to T-2 exposure [ 100 , 101 ].…”

Section: Biotransformation Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins: Biotransformation and Bioavailability Assessment Using Caco-2 Cell Monolayer

Tran

Viktorová

Ruml

2020

Toxins

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“…) and one of the most toxic mycotoxins . T‐2 contamination is widespread in animal feed, including shrimp feed . In shrimp, T‐2 mostly affects protein synthesis by causing apoptosis and inhibiting protein synthesis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of T‐2 toxin on the muscle proteins of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) – a proteomics study

et al. 2019

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BACKGROUND: T-2 toxin (T-2) is a potent mycotoxin and a common contaminant of aquatic animal feed, posing a serious risk to health and aquatic animals. We investigated the effect of T-2 on shrimp muscle proteins using proteomics and conventional biochemical methods. Shrimp were fed a diet containing T-2 at 0-12.2 mg kg −1 for 20 days, and changes to the muscle protein composition, ATPase activities, and the sulfhydryl (SH) content and hydrophobicity of actomyosin (AM) were determined. A proteomics study of the proteins was conducted with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization -time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). (1.2 mg kg −1 ), the levels of three major muscle proteins (myofibrillar, sarcoplasmic, and stroma) increased but at higher concentrations they declined progressively. T-2 exposure also led to a breakdown of muscle proteins as evidenced by increases in alkali-soluble protein and the surface hydrophobicity (SoANS) of AM. Thirty differentially expressed proteins were detected, 12 of which showed a concentration-response relationship with T-2 exposure. Among them, 11 homologous proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (MS), with several being key enzymes in energy metabolism. RESULTS: Exposure to T-2 markedly affected the muscle protein composition of shrimp in a concentration-responsive manner that displayed a diphasic effect. At a low T-2 concentrationCONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that T-2 exposure at medium to high concentrations could significantly affect the protein composition and quality of shrimp muscle, and potentially some of its key metabolisms. One of the arginine kinases (spot 27) was particularly responsive to T-2 and could potentially be used as a biomarker protein for T-2 intoxication by shrimp. /jsfa dine muscle stored at 0 ∘ C. J Food Sci 65:40-47 (2000).30 Tsuchiya T, Tsuchiya Y, Nonomura Y and Matsumoto JJ, Prevention of freeze denaturation of carp actomyosin by sodium glutamate.

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“…Phase II metabolism of T-2 toxin involves conjugation reactions with endogenous molecules such as glutathione, sulfate, and glucuronic acid, leading to the formation of water-soluble metabolites that are more readily excreted from the body [40]. Glutathione S-transferases catalyze the conjugation of T-2 toxin with GSH to form glutathione conjugates, which are subsequently metabolized to mercapturic acid derivatives and excreted in the urine and feces.…”

Section: Metabolism Of T-2 Toxin In Poultrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Problems and Mitigation Strategies of Trichothecenes Mycotoxins in Laying Hens Production

Puvača,

Ljubojević Pelić

2024

J Agron Technol Eng Manag

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This review paper comprehensively explores the problems associated with trichothecenes mycotoxins in laying hens production and discusses mitigation strategies to address these challenges. Trichothecenes, a diverse class of mycotoxins primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, are examined in terms of their nature, occurrence, toxicology, and implications in poultry production. The metabolism of T-2 toxin in poultry is analyzed, highlighting the complex biotransformation pathways and the formation of metabolites with altered toxicity profiles. The most common problems of T-2 toxin in laying hens production are discussed, including adverse effects on poultry health, performance, and table egg quality. The influence of T-2 toxin on table egg quality is explored, focusing on its impact on shell integrity, yolk color, albumen consistency, and consumer acceptance. Finally, mitigation strategies for trichothecenes in laying hens production are reviewed, encompassing both pre-harvest and post-harvest interventions such as good agricultural practices, monitoring and testing programs, physical and chemical detoxification methods, nutritional supplementation, and biosecurity measures. By understanding the nature of trichothecenes mycotoxins and implementing effective mitigation strategies, producers can ensure the safety, welfare, and productivity of laying hens while maintaining the quality and marketability of table eggs for consumers.

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Biotransformation enzyme activities and phase I metabolites analysis inLitopenaeus vannameifollowing intramuscular administration of T-2 toxin

Cited by 14 publications

References 49 publications

Mycotoxins: Biotransformation and Bioavailability Assessment Using Caco-2 Cell Monolayer

Mycotoxins: Biotransformation and Bioavailability Assessment Using Caco-2 Cell Monolayer

Effects of T‐2 toxin on the muscle proteins of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) – a proteomics study

Problems and Mitigation Strategies of Trichothecenes Mycotoxins in Laying Hens Production

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