Problems and Mitigation Strategies of Trichothecenes Mycotoxins in Laying Hens Production

Abstract

This review paper comprehensively explores the problems associated with trichothecenes mycotoxins in laying hens production and discusses mitigation strategies to address these challenges. Trichothecenes, a diverse class of mycotoxins primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, are examined in terms of their nature, occurrence, toxicology, and implications in poultry production. The metabolism of T-2 toxin in poultry is analyzed, highlighting the complex biotransformation pathways and the formation of metabolites with altered toxicity profiles. The most common problems of T-2 toxin in laying hens production are discussed, including adverse effects on poultry health, performance, and table egg quality. The influence of T-2 toxin on table egg quality is explored, focusing on its impact on shell integrity, yolk color, albumen consistency, and consumer acceptance. Finally, mitigation strategies for trichothecenes in laying hens production are reviewed, encompassing both pre-harvest and post-harvest interventions such as good agricultural practices, monitoring and testing programs, physical and chemical detoxification methods, nutritional supplementation, and biosecurity measures. By understanding the nature of trichothecenes mycotoxins and implementing effective mitigation strategies, producers can ensure the safety, welfare, and productivity of laying hens while maintaining the quality and marketability of table eggs for consumers.