Biotechnological treatment of microalgae enhances growth performance, hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and intestinal physiology in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles close to commercial size

Molina-Roque, L.; Barany, Andre; Sáez, María Isabel Corbí; Alarcón, Francisco Javier; Tapia, Silvana Teresa; Fuentes, Juan; Mancera, Juan Miguel; Perera, Erick; Martos‐Sitcha, Juan Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101248

Cited by 7 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Thus, we propose that the C + V diet may promote plasma lactate depletion, which originates in the white muscle due to anaerobic metabolism and is then partially incorporated in the liver; this is consistent with the findings of other authors [37,49]. Furthermore, a significant increase in LDH activity was found in fish fed the C + V diet; this is consistent with prior research in which gilthead seabream were fed diets enriched with microalgae [72]. This increase in LDH activity appears to indicate the conversion of lactate to pyruvate via the Cori cycle, which may then be converted and stored as glycogen or for energy within the liver or elsewhere.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The liver is the primary site of lipogenesis in fish, and hepatic carbohydrates may regulate the total lipogenesis [73]. Because both metabolites, glycogen and TAG, served as energy reserves, our findings imply that more energy is invested in maintenance and development than in storage, which is consistent with the biometric data obtained, and those reported by other authors [72].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Nonetheless, the final fate (i.e., storage or oxidation) varies depending on the level of microalgae inclusion. Furthermore, the studies by García-Márquez et al [37] and Molina-Roque et al [72] showed a decrease in hepatic gluconeogenesis-related FBP enzyme activity [74], supporting the glucose oxidation hypothesis. In our research, however, the hepatic FBP levels were unchanged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…HK catalyzes the initial stage of glycolysis, phosphorylating glucose so that it can be used by the cells, whereas PK catalyzes the last step, creating pyruvate and ATP. Interestingly, Perera et al [49] found that 1% microalgae supplementation increased the hepatocyte capacity for glucose uptake and glycogen storage but not the oxidation for energy; this differs from the findings of Molina-Roque et al [72], who found that higher inclusion (10%) in identical diets to those used by Perera et al [49] increased the oxidation for energy. Although our work and the studies mentioned above were conducted in two different species, it appears that the inclusion of microalgae-derived products in aquafeeds consistently promotes glucose uptake by hepatocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The HOAD enzyme is involved in fatty acid β-oxidation [76], and its activity is directly related to lipid availability [77]. This finding may be linked to the observed increased in hepatic glucose oxidation for energy, which would enhance triglyceride levels in the liver, making them more accessible to promote muscle development, as postulated by Molina-Roque et al [72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Evaluation of the Combined Administration of Chlorella fusca and Vibrio proteolyticus in Diets for Chelon labrosus: Effects on Growth, Metabolism, and Digestive Functionality

García‐Márquez

Vizcaíno

Barany

et al. 2023

Animals

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This study aimed to evaluate the combined effect of dietary Chlorella fusca and ethanol-inactivated Vibrio proteolyticus DCF12.2 (C + V diet) in Chelon labrosus juveniles, highlighting their nutritional, physiological, and morphological effects. The results showed that the combined dietary inclusion of C. fusca and V. proteolyticus significantly enhanced growth performance and feed utilization compared to the control group. The C + V diet increased the fish lipid quality index (FLQ), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and n-3/n-6 ratio, which might be beneficial in terms of human nutrition. The C + V diet considerably increased carbohydrate metabolic activity by statistically boosting plasma glucose. The dietary inclusion of C. fusca in conjunction with V. proteolyticus increased metabolic enzyme activity as well as intestinal absorption capacity compared to that found in the control group. In conclusion, the experimental diet was suitable for feeding C. labrosus, increasing their growth and the nutritional characteristics of the muscle and intestine, without causing tissue damage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Evaluation of the Combined Administration of Chlorella fusca and Vibrio proteolyticus in Diets for Chelon labrosus: Effects on Growth, Metabolism, and Digestive Functionality

García‐Márquez

Vizcaíno

Barany

et al. 2023

Animals

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Effect of bile salts on intestinal epithelial function in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Fuentes,

Gregório,

Fonseca

et al. 2024

Fish Physiol Biochem

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In the context of modern aquaculture, the effort to reduce the reliance on fishmeal/marine ingredients in fish diets has led to the exploration of plant-based protein sources as potential substitutes, a dietary shift that disrupts the bile acid profile in fish. Therefore, bile salts are being sought as additives. However, artificially increased intestinal levels of bile acids may significantly impact mucosal function. Therefore, here, we explored the regulatory role in the intestine of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) of (i) chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC), (ii) a mixture formed by two bile acids, 3% cholic acid and 97% deoxycholic acid (MIX), and (iii) a conjugated bile salt sodium taurocholate (TC) in Ussing chambers with the epithelial voltage clamp technique. We tested the bile salts in a 50–500 μg/ml concentration range, and all of them promoted ion absorption. Yet, clear concentration-dependent and more pronounced effects on the ion transport were observed in the posterior intestine. On the other hand, bile salts had no or minor effects on tissue resistance. However, there are indications that the MIX could have adverse effects at high concentrations (500 μg/ml), promoting a threefold increase in tissue permeability measured using FITC-dextran (4 kD) regardless of the intestinal region, thus suggesting an alteration in intestinal permeability at high bile salt concentrations. The findings from our study emphasize the importance of considering intestinal function when contemplating the possible use of a particular bile salt as a dietary supplement. It appears that bile salts, whether acting individually or in combination, play a pivotal role in orchestrating nutrient absorption by influencing the function of epithelial ion transport. However further research is needed to fully grasp the region-dependent nuances of bile salt effects on ion transport and the ultimate consequences for nutrient absorption in the context of fish aquaculture.

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Effects of Phytase and Microalgae Supplementation on the Utilization of Aquafeeds for European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Formulated with a High Inclusion Level of Plant Protein

Flores-Moreno,

Vizcaíno,

Sáez

et al. 2024

Aquaculture Research

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Numerous studies have reported the disadvantages of using plant protein in aquafeeds owing to the presence of antinutritional factors. Particularly, phytate can be overcome by dietary supplementation with exogenous phytase. On the other hand, the use of microalgae has been proven to be a valuable strategy for enhancing the digestive functionality in fish fed diets with high plant protein content. It was hypothesized that the simultaneous inclusion of phytase with microalgae can be useful to improve growth performance and digestive functionality in fish fed diets with high content of plant protein. In this study, the effects of feeds supplemented with different levels of exogenous phytase (FTU) and 2.5% of a blend of Arthrospira platensis and Nannochloropsis gaditana were evaluated on growth performance, metabolism, and gut functionality in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Fish were fed ad libitum for 83 days with five diets containing different enzyme ratios (FTU), in triplicate: (i) control (0 FTU); (ii) 500 FTU; (iii) 1,000 FTU; (iv) 2,000 FTU; and (v) 10,000 FTU. At the end of the feeding period, zootechnical indexes were estimated, and biological samples were withdrawn for physiological determinations. The results obtained showed an overall improvement in the productive efficiency, general metabolism, and intestinal functionality in fish fed the highest phytase inclusion (2,000 and 10,000 FTU). Final weight (75.51 ± 1.01 g vs. 66.76 ± 1.26 g, p=0.005), SGR (1.15 ± 0.02 vs. 1.00 ± 0.02, p=0.006). and feed efficiency (0.80 ± 0.02% day−1 vs. 0.67 ± 0.01% day−1, p=0.012) were higher in fish fed 10,000 FTU. The chemical composition of muscle and plasma metabolites did not vary among dietary treatments, except for the high glucose and low glycogen content in the liver with 2,000 FTU group. Focusing on gut functionality, enzyme activities tended to be higher in fish fed diets supplemented with phytase and microalgae, and significant differences were found for trypsin, chymotrypsin, and alkaline phosphatase with 1,000, 2,000, and 10,000 FTU, and leucine aminopeptidase with 2,000 and 10,000 FTU (p<0.0001). Analysis of intestinal morphology revealed that 2,000 and 10,000 FTU combined with microalgae increased villi height and decreased villi diameter and enterocyte height. The presence of microalgae at low phytase supplementation level seems to lack of influence on the different parameters evaluated whereas only increased dietary phytase levels impacted on growth, nutrient utilization, and intestinal functionality. In addition, faecal samples were obtained by stripping the final portion of the intestines, from which the phosphorus and nitrogen were quantified. Apparent digestibility coefficient of phosphorus with 2,000 FTU and 10,000 FTU were higher, 74.3% and 77.8%, respectively, compared to control (52.4%). The results revealed a decrease in the amount of P shed with the excreta from the animals supplemented with phytase, a fact that evidenced an increased intestinal absorption of this element. Overall, the results obtained pointed out that phytase can be used at 10,000, and even 2,000, FTU in combination with microalgae as an approach to reducing feed costs and boost fish growth and digestive functionality of fish, while minimizing the environmental impacts of juvenile European seabass farms.

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Biotechnological treatment of microalgae enhances growth performance, hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and intestinal physiology in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles close to commercial size

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Evaluation of the Combined Administration of Chlorella fusca and Vibrio proteolyticus in Diets for Chelon labrosus: Effects on Growth, Metabolism, and Digestive Functionality

Evaluation of the Combined Administration of Chlorella fusca and Vibrio proteolyticus in Diets for Chelon labrosus: Effects on Growth, Metabolism, and Digestive Functionality

Effect of bile salts on intestinal epithelial function in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Effects of Phytase and Microalgae Supplementation on the Utilization of Aquafeeds for European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Formulated with a High Inclusion Level of Plant Protein

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