Biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids in lactating mammary supernatant

Kumar, Soma; Singh, Vir; Keren-Paz, Rachel

doi:10.1016/0005-2760(65)90116-5

Cited by 40 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A possible explanation of the different effects of dietary long-chain fatty acids on the secretion of butyric acid and on the secretion of the other fatty acids that are synthesized from acetate in the mammary gland of the cow may be found in the work of Kumar, Singh & Keren-Paz (1965). In experiments with the supernatant fractions of the mammary glands of lactating rabbits, Kumar et al (1965) showed that avidin markedly inhibited the synthesis of the C o to C 16 fatty acids when acetate, acetoacetate, butyrate or /?-hydroxybutyrate were used as substrates. On the other hand, avidin had little effect on the synthesis of butyrate when acetate, acetoacetate or /?-hydroxybutyrate were used as substrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the same mechanism exists in the mammary gland of the cow, then the inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase by increased concentrations of long-chain fatty acids or fatty acyl CoA derivatives should not reduce the synthesis of butyrate from acetate. Since the inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase does not decrease the rate of synthesis of butyrate from acetate but decreases the rate of synthesis of the C 6 to C 16 fatty acids from butyrate (Kumar et al 1965) then under those conditions there should be a tendency for butyrate to accumulate in the mammary gland. This may account for the fact that the secretion of butyric acid in the milk fat was actually increased when the cows were given the concentrate mixture containing 10% 'palmitic acid'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of dietary palmitic and stearic acids on milk fat composition in the cow

Noble

Steele

Moore

1969

Journal of Dairy Research

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The effects of the isocaloric replacement of starch in a low-fat concentrate mixture by either 5 or 10% 'stearic acid' (85% pure) or 10% 'palmitic acid' (85% pure) on the yield and composition of milk fat were investigated in a feeding experiment with 12 cows in mid-lactation. The concentrate mixtures were given with a highroughage diet that supplied daily 4-4 kg of hay and 2-7 kg of sugar-beet pulp.The inclusion of 5 or 10 % 'stearic acid' in the concentrate mixture decreased the concentrations and yields of 10:0, 12:0, 14:0, 14:1, 16:0 and 16:1 in the milk fat but increased the concentrations and yields of 18:0 and 18:1. When the concentrate mixture contained 10 % 'stearic acid' the decreases in the yields of the shorter chain acids and the increases in the yields of 18:0 and 18:1 in the milk fat were more pronounced than when the concentrate mixture contained 5% 'stearic acid'. The inclusion of 10% 'stearic acid' in the concentrate mixture also decreased the concentrations of 6:0 and 18:2 in the milk fat. The inclusion of 10 % ' palmitic acid' in the concentrate mixture decreased the concentrations of 6:0, 8:0, 10:0, 12:0, 14:0, 14:1, 18:0 and 18:2 in the milk fat but increased the concentrations of 16:0 and 16:1. This dietary treatment also reduced the yields of 6:0, 10:0, 12:0, 14:0 and 18:2 but increased the yields of 4:0, 16:0 and 16:1 in the milk fat. The inclusion of 5% 'stearic acid' or 10% 'palmitic acid' in the concentrate mixture increased the yield of total milk fat.The inclusion of 10% 'palmitic acid' or 10% 'stearic acid' in the concentrate mixture increased the relative proportions of propionic and iso-butyric acids in the rumen liquor but decreased the proportions of ^-butyric and valeric acids. The inclusion of ' stearic acid' at the level of 5 % in the concentrate mixture increased the relative proportions of iso-butyric and iso-valeric acids but decreased the proportion of butyric acid in the rumen liquor.In a previous investigation (Steele & Moore, 1968 c) it was shown that when the diet of the cow was supplemented with 600 g/day of palmitic or stearic acids there were large increases in the yields of palmitic and palmitoleic acids or of stearic and oleic acids in the milk fat. The increased yields of C 16 and C 18 fatty acids were accompanied by decreased secretions of C 10 , C 12 and C M fatty acids in the milk fat. These changes occurred in spite of the fact that the palmitic or stearic acid was added to a basal diet that already supplied 450 g of total fatty acids (mainly C 16 and C 18 acids) per day; the yield of total fatty acids in the milk of the cows during the experiment was also

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of dietary palmitic and stearic acids on milk fat composition in the cow

Noble

Steele

Moore

1969

Journal of Dairy Research

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“…Glass et al (1967) demonstrated that the cow milk is higher in butyric (C4) and, sometimes, palmitic (C16:0) acids. It has been proved that acetate, acetoacetate, -hydroxybutyrate and butyrate are eVective precursors for the synthesis of butyric, hexanoic, octanoic, decanoic, and longer-chain acids by the mammary supernatant obtained from lactating goats (Kumar et al 1965). Acetate was both utilized and produced by the mammary gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monocarboxylate transporter genes in the mammary gland of lactating cows

Kirat

Kato

2009

Histochem Cell Biol

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This study is the first to examine the expression of the 14 monocarboxylate transporter genes (MCT1-MCT14) in the mammary gland of mammals. RT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence confocal laser microscopy were applied in a comprehensive approach to assess the expression and cellular localization of MCTs in the mammary gland of lactating cattle. RT-PCR revealed the existence of nine MCT isoforms, namely MCT1, MCT2, MCT3, MCT4, MCT5, MCT8, MCT10, MCT13, and MCT14 in cow mammary gland. The amplified cDNA segments were confirmed by sequence analysis and deposited in the GenBank. Using the commercially available antibodies against MCT1-MCT8, Western blotting verified the protein expression of MCT1, MCT2, MCT3, MCT4, MCT5, and MCT8 in the cow mammary gland. The precise cellular localization of the identified MCT proteins showed that both MCT1 and MCT2 were basolaterally localized on the cow mammary alveolar epithelial cells. In contrast, MCT4 protein signal was expressed on the apical membrane of these alveolar epithelia. MCT8, however, was predominantly localized on the basolateral membranes of the lactocytes, along with its weak labeling on the apical membrane of the same cells. No immunoreactive staining for MCT3 and MCT5 proteins could be detected histochemically in lactating bovine mammary tissue. Additionally, we proved the colocalization of CD147 with both MCT1 and MCT4 on the boundaries of the cow mammary alveolar epithelia. The existence and localization pattern of MCT genes in the mammary gland of lactating cows suggest their possible involvement in the transport of essential elements required for milk synthesis and secretion.

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“…Methods. The particle-free supernatant was prepared from lactating goat mammary tissue as previously described (Kumar et al, 1965). Solid ammonium sulfate was added slowly to the supernatant fraction to obtain a 30% saturation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abraham et al (1961) and Dils and Popják (1962) reported that the malonyl-CoA pathway was the most important route for the synthesis of milk fatty acids in rat mammary gland. Goat and rabbit mammary supernatants were found by Singh and Kumar (1963) and Kumar et al (1965) to synthesize hexanoic and • From the Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. Received April 16, 1965.…”

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confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Butyric and Other Short-Chain Acids by a Partially Purified Enzyme Preparation^*

Becker¹,

Kumar²

1965

Biochemistry

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Biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids in lactating mammary supernatant

Cited by 40 publications

References 27 publications

The effects of dietary palmitic and stearic acids on milk fat composition in the cow

The effects of dietary palmitic and stearic acids on milk fat composition in the cow

Monocarboxylate transporter genes in the mammary gland of lactating cows

Synthesis of Butyric and Other Short-Chain Acids by a Partially Purified Enzyme Preparation^*

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Biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids in lactating mammary supernatant

Cited by 40 publications

References 27 publications

The effects of dietary palmitic and stearic acids on milk fat composition in the cow

The effects of dietary palmitic and stearic acids on milk fat composition in the cow

Monocarboxylate transporter genes in the mammary gland of lactating cows

Synthesis of Butyric and Other Short-Chain Acids by a Partially Purified Enzyme Preparation*

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Product

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Synthesis of Butyric and Other Short-Chain Acids by a Partially Purified Enzyme Preparation^*