Biosynthesis of mono- and sesquiterpenes in carrot roots and leaves ( L.): metabolic cross talk of cytosolic mevalonate and plastidial methylerythritol phosphate pathways

Hampel, Daniela; Mosandl, Armin; Wüst, Matthias

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.12.010

Cited by 151 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The pattern of the highly labelled molecular peaks reflected a similar 13 C abundance of 90 % as that observed for monoterpenes, indicating that sesquiterpenes can also share the DMAPP derived mainly from photosynthesis and through the MEP pathway. Our observation is well supported by the studies reporting that sesquiterpene synthesis is 30 usually formed from the cytosolic MVA-derived DMAPP, but in some cases, also share the precursors from both pathways (Dudareva et al, 2005;Hampel et al, 2005). The higher contribution from the MVA pathway for sesquiterpene synthesis can explain the higher contribution from alternative carbon sources compared to monoterpene synthesis.…”

Section: Different Biosynthesis Pathways Of Monoterpenes and Sesquitesupporting

confidence: 88%

<sup>13</sup>C labelling study of constitutive and stress-induced terpenoide missions from Norway spruce and Scots pine

Pullinen

Andres

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Due to their large source strengths, biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are important for atmospheric 10 chemistry. Terpenoids, mainly consisting of isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, are the dominant BVOC class.There are two general mechanisms for their emissions: emissions directly from de novo biosynthesis (de novo emissions) and emissions from organs wherein the terpenoids are stored (pool emissions). While isoprene emissions are pure de novo emissions, the mechanism for monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions is not always distinct. In particular, conifers have large storage pools and both mechanisms may contribute to the emissions. 15To obtain more insight into the mechanisms of the terpenoid emissions from Eurasian conifers, we conducted 13 CO 2 and 13 Cglucose labelling studies with Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The results from the labelling experiments were further compared to diurnal modulations measured for the emission fluxes of the respective terpenoids, as well as to their release from reservoirs in needles and bark tissue.The comparison allowed the following comprehensive statements for the investigated conifers. Consistent to other studies, 20 we found that constitutive monoterpene emissions mainly originate from storage pools but with compound-specific fractions of de novo emissions. In contrast, stress-induced monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions are entirely of de novo nature.We also found at least three different carbon sources for monoterpene and sesquiterpene biosynthesis. These sources differ with respect to the timescale after which the recently assimilated carbon reappears in the emitted terpenoids. Carbon directly obtained from assimilated CO 2 has a short turnover time of few hours, while carbon from other alternative carbon sources 25 has intermediate turnover times of few days and even longer. Terpenoid biosynthesis is not restricted to the presence of light and the carbon for terpenoid biosynthesis can be delivered from the alternative carbon sources. In particular for sesquiterpenes, there can be substantial de novo emissions in darkness reaching up to around 60 % of the daytime emissions.

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Section: Different Biosynthesis Pathways Of Monoterpenes and Sesquitesupporting

confidence: 88%

<sup>13</sup>C labelling study of constitutive and stress-induced terpenoide missions from Norway spruce and Scots pine

Pullinen

Andres

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…Sabinene also has a medium intensity (1.75), and in a previous study, it was generated by tomato recombinant LeMTS2 in a similar manner to β-myrcene and β-phellandrene using the monoterpene precursor geranyl diphosphate (GPP) (van Schie et al, 2007;Schilmiller et al, 2009). In carrot tissues, monoterpenes are synthesized using both the mevalonate and non-mevalonate pathways, whereas the mevalonate pathway is generally used only for sesquiterpenes (Hampel et al, 2005). In this study, the PC1 loading values for sabinene and β-phellandrene were 0.62 and 0.59, respectively, whereas for β-myrcene, the value was 0.82.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Important Volatiles in Fresh and Processing Carrot Varieties: Using Kuroda and Flakee Types

Fukuda

Tanaka

Ihori

et al. 2013

FSTR

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Carrots, like most other vegetables, are classified into fresh or processing varieties in the food industry. To describe differences in volatile profiles and identify important volatiles among the carrot varieties of each type, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the composition of individual volatiles in 12 carrot varieties, including 7 Kuroda (fresh) and 5 Flakee (processing) types. Fifty-four volatiles were identified and quantified. β-Myrcene, terpinolene, sabinene and 1,3,8-p-menthatriene were detected as odor-active volatiles by GC-olfactometry. PCA distinguished Kuroda from Flakee by PC1. β-Myrcene and sabinene also had high PCA loading values, and were shown to play an important role in the characteristics of Flakee. On the other hand, thymol methyl ether and caryophyllenes, especially caryophyllene oxide, were representative volatiles in Kuroda. Thus, these volatiles might be useful as novel molecular markers in the development of new, high-quality carrots.

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“…It was reported that IPP and perhaps DMAPP could be exchanged between different compartments, particularly in the direction from plastids to cytosol (Hemmerlin et al, 2003;Laule et al, 2003;Schuhr et al, 2003;Dudareva et al, 2005;Phillips et al, 2008), raising a question about the relative contribution of each pathway to the biosynthesis of the various classes of terpenoids. Trafficking of isoprenoid intermediates between organelles, likely mediated by specific metabolite transporters (Bick and Lange, 2003), depends on the plant species, tissue, and physiological state of the plant (Steliopoulos et al, 2002;Dudareva et al, 2005;Hampel et al, 2005aHampel et al, , 2005b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Small Subunit of Snapdragon Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase Modifies the Chain Length Specificity of Tobacco Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase in Planta

et al. 2009

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Geranyl diphosphate (GPP), the precursor of many monoterpene end products, is synthesized in plastids by a condensation of dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) in a reaction catalyzed by homodimeric or heterodimeric GPP synthase (GPPS). In the heterodimeric enzymes, a noncatalytic small subunit (GPPS.SSU) determines the product specificity of the catalytic large subunit, which may be either an active geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) or an inactive GGPPS-like protein. Here, we show that expression of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) GPPS.SSU in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants increased the total GPPS activity and monoterpene emission from leaves and flowers, indicating that the introduced catalytically inactive GPPS.SSU found endogenous large subunit partner(s) and formed an active snapdragon/tobacco GPPS in planta. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and in vitro enzyme analysis of individual and hybrid proteins revealed that two of four GGPPS-like candidates from tobacco EST databases encode bona fide GGPPS that can interact with snapdragon GPPS.SSU and form a functional GPPS enzyme in plastids. The formation of chimeric GPPS in transgenic plants also resulted in leaf chlorosis, increased light sensitivity, and dwarfism due to decreased levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and gibberellins. In addition, these transgenic plants had reduced levels of sesquiterpene emission, suggesting that the export of isoprenoid intermediates from the plastids into the cytosol was decreased. These results provide genetic evidence that GPPS.SSU modifies the chain length specificity of phylogenetically distant GGPPS and can modulate IPP flux distribution between GPP and GGPP synthesis in planta.

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Biosynthesis of mono- and sesquiterpenes in carrot roots and leaves ( L.): metabolic cross talk of cytosolic mevalonate and plastidial methylerythritol phosphate pathways

Cited by 151 publications

References 22 publications

<sup>13</sup>C labelling study of constitutive and stress-induced terpenoide missions from Norway spruce and Scots pine

<sup>13</sup>C labelling study of constitutive and stress-induced terpenoide missions from Norway spruce and Scots pine

Identification of Important Volatiles in Fresh and Processing Carrot Varieties: Using Kuroda and Flakee Types

The Small Subunit of Snapdragon Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase Modifies the Chain Length Specificity of Tobacco Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase in Planta

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Biosynthesis of mono- and sesquiterpenes in carrot roots and leaves ( L.): metabolic cross talk of cytosolic mevalonate and plastidial methylerythritol phosphate pathways

Cited by 151 publications

References 22 publications

&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C labelling study of constitutive and stress-induced terpenoide missions from Norway spruce and Scots pine

&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C labelling study of constitutive and stress-induced terpenoide missions from Norway spruce and Scots pine

Identification of Important Volatiles in Fresh and Processing Carrot Varieties: Using Kuroda and Flakee Types

The Small Subunit of Snapdragon Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase Modifies the Chain Length Specificity of Tobacco Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase in Planta

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<sup>13</sup>C labelling study of constitutive and stress-induced terpenoide missions from Norway spruce and Scots pine

<sup>13</sup>C labelling study of constitutive and stress-induced terpenoide missions from Norway spruce and Scots pine