Biosynthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Lactobacillus casei Subsp. Casei and its Anticancer and Antibacterial Activities

Abstract

Background: The present study reveals the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) by probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei) and demonstrates the cytotoxic effects of these nanoparticles against gram negative and positive bacteria and cancer cell lines. Methods: The CuO NPs are biosynthesized from Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei (L. casei) in an eco-friendly and cost-effective process. These nanoparticles are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and transmittance electron microscope (TEM) analysis. The antibacterial activity is examined by Well-diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) assays using Broth microdilution. Anticancer effects of these nanoparticles are evaluated by methyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Griess test. Results: Our results confirm the biosynthesis of CuO NPs from L. casei. Antibacterial assays demonstrate that treatment of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria with CuO NPs inhibits the growth of these bacteria. Furthermore, the cell viability of human cancer cells decreases while treated by nanoparticles. These nanoparticles increase nitric oxide (NO) secretion determined by NO production measurement. Conclusion: These results suggest that CuO NPs may exert antibacterial effects as well as cytotoxic effects on cancer cells by suppressing their growth, increasing the oxidative stress and inducing apoptosis.

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using microorganisms and their application in the agrifood sector

“…So far, various chemical, physical and green synthesis methods have been used to synthesize CuNPs with different amounts, shapes and morphologies. Kouhkan et al [ 62 ] reported that Lactobacillus casei is a promising source for the biosynthesis of CuNPs. Selenium is essential for the functions of most living organisms and is found in soil, water, seeds, livestock and food.…”

“… Au Intracellular 5–500 Antimicrobial effect, antifungal effect, nano fertilizer [ 196 ] Bacillus subtilis Au Extracellular 80 ± 0.18 – [ 197 ] Escherichia coli k12 Au Extracellular 50 – [ 70 ] L . casei (strain JCM1134) Au Intracellular ca.29.6 – [ 198 ] Lactobacillus kimchicus DCY51T isolated from Korean kimchi Au Intracellular 5–30 – [ 57 ] Lactobacillus acidophilus DSMZ 20079T CdS Extracellular 2.5–5.5 Nanobiosensors [ 58 ] Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 Lactobacillus casei Copper Extracellular 30–75 Plant micronutrient [ 62 ] Lactobacillus acidophilus Lactobacillus casei Bifidobacterium ...…”

Green approaches for the synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles using microbial and plant extracts

“…FTIR analysis revealed that the amine and amide linkages present in the membrane of bacteria and carbonyl groups from the peptides and amino acids from bacteria bound to the metal ions to reduce and stabilize them, leading to the formation of nanoparticles. 118 Furthermore, Saravanakumar et al (2019) demonstrated the biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles via an aqueous cell-free extract of an indigenous fungus named Trichoderma asperellum . The existence of amide and aromatic groups in the secondary metabolites as reducing or encapsulating agents has been identified as being responsible for forming cubic face-centered, 10–190 nm sized and spherical nanoparticles.…”

An Updated Overview on Nanonutraceuticals: Focus on Nanoprebiotics and Nanoprobiotics

“…Recently, emerging applications of nanotechnologies in prebiotics and probiotics have been developed and carried out as reported in Table 2 [154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167]. Table 2.…”

“…The fabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) using L. casei could control the proliferation of HT-29, a human colon carcinoma cell line, and human gastric carcinoma cell line, as well as could eliminate Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus [156] Anticancer and antioxidant effect…”