Biosynthesis and Cytotoxic Properties of Ag, Au, and Bimetallic Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Lithospermum erythrorhizon Callus Culture Extract

Abstract

The present study reports a green chemistry approach for the rapid and easy biological synthesis of silver (Ag), gold (Au), and bimetallic Ag/Au nanoparticles using the callus extract of Lithospermum erythrorhizon as a reducing and capping agent. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized with ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our results showed the formation of crystalline metal nanostructures of both spherical and non-spherical shape. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy showed the characteristic peaks in the silver and gold regions, confirming the presence of the corresponding elements in the monometallic particles and both elements in the bimetallic particles. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy affirmed the role of polysaccharides and polyphenols of the L. erythrorhizon extract as the major reducing and capping agents for metal ions. In addition, our results showed that the polysaccharide sample and the fraction containing secondary metabolites isolated from L. erythrorhizon were both able to produce large amounts of metallic nanoparticles. The biosynthesized nanoparticles demonstrated cytotoxicity against mouse neuroblastoma and embryonic fibroblast cells, which was considerably higher for Ag nanoparticles and for bimetallic Ag/Au nanoparticles containing a higher molar ratio of silver. However, fibroblast migration was not significantly affected by any of the nanoparticles tested. The obtained results provide a new example of the safe biological production of metallic nanoparticles, but further study is required to uncover the mechanism of their toxicity so that the biomedical potency can be assessed.

Comparative Bio-Potential Effects of Fresh and Boiled Mountain Vegetable (Fern) Extract Mediated Silver Nanoparticles

“…This result corroborates with the previously published nanoparticle synthesis results [24]. A change in the SPR of Bbf-AgNPs prepared with the Bbf extract was observed compared to that of the Fbf-AgNPs prepared with the Fbf extract might be due to the blue shift due to the decrease in the refractive index of the dielectric environment surrounding the synthesized nanoparticles [25,26]. The basic morphology, characteristics, and elemental composition of both the Fbf-AgNPs and Bbf-AgNPs were estimated by SEM and EDX assessment.…”

New formula of the green synthesised Au@Ag core@shell nanoparticles using propolis extract presented high antibacterial and anticancer activity

“…In a study by Lomelí-Marroquín et al they showed that the biosynthesized Ag-Au nanoparticles could inhibit the cell proliferation of human melanoma cells (Lomelí-Marroquín et al 2019 ). In addition, Shkryl et al showed that the green synthesized Ag-Au nanoparticles exhibited cytotoxicity against mouse neuroblastoma and embryonic fibroblast cells, but the anticancer activity was not assessed (Shkryl et al 2021 ). Accordingly, we intended to study the anticancer activity and cytotoxicity of our green synthesized Au@AgNPs on hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.…”

Green Synthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles by Aqueous Artemisia Pallens Extract

“…The design and synthesis of noble metal nanostructures, including Ag-Au BMNPs, have gained significant interest due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields. fenugreek, soybean, and coriander leaf extracts 10-12 nm, spherical antileishmanial [82] Lawsonia inermis seed aqueous extracts 15-35 nm, polygonal, spherical and irregular photocatalytic [83] potato starch 9.7 nm, icosahedral antimicrobial and anticancer [84] kondagogu rubber 23 nm, spherical catalytic [85] Lithospermum erythrorhizon 3-451 nm, spherical and elliptical cytotoxic [86] chitosan 29 nm, spherical cell imaging [87] cyclodextrin 15 nm, spherical radical scavenging [88] M. officinalis 8 nm, flower-like antimicrobial [89] The use of Artemisia pallens for AgNPs was first reported by Arde et al 90 In this work, we synthesized AgNPs, AuNPs, and Ag-Au bimetallic NPs using Artemisia pallens, although other Artemisia species have been utilized in the past. Developing environmentally friendly processes for synthesizing nanoscale materials is crucial, and Ag-Au BMNPs have potential applications in various fields due to their unique properties.…”