Biostimulants and Soil Amendments Affect Two-year Posttransplant Growth of Red Maple and Washington Hawthorn

Kelting, Matt; Harris, J. Roger; Fanelli, Jody; Appleton, Bonnie Lee

doi:10.21273/horttech.9.1.129

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Red maple 59904 had the highest growth rate while red maple 55410 had the slowest rate. Other studies have shown that fertilization at tree planting has no effect on top growth (Kelting et al, 1998;Shoup et al, 1981;Shulte and Whitcomb, 1975;Smalley and Wood, 1995;Van de Werken, 1981), while Hensley et al (1988) found an increase of top growth for container-grown Magnolia grandifl ora L.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nitrogen Fertilization and Use of Container-grown Maple Selections as Hosts by the Potato Leafhopper

Bentz¹,

Townsend²

2003

jashs

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ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. oviposition, nymphal survivorship, leaf macronutrients, leaf micronutrients, growth rate, Acer rubrum, Empoasca fabae, freeman maple, red maple ABSTRACT. The suitability of container-grown clones of red maple, Acer rubrum L., as a host to the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae Harris (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), under different fertilization regimes was determined, and compared to different freeman maple cultivars (A. ×freemanii E. Murray). Three clonal selections of red maple (USNA numbers 56026, 59904, and 55410), and three freeman maple cultivars (55892 'Indian Summer , 67256 'Jeffersred [trademark Autumn Blaze], and 55890 'Armstrong ) were potted in 7.6-L containers, fertilized with either 0, 3.3, or 6.6 g/pot of calcium nitrate and used in experiments. When given a choice, female leafhoppers laid more eggs on leaves of red maple clone 56026 than on leaves of clone 59904, with oviposition linearly increasing on both clones with increases in the fertilization level applied to the trees. Yet, when female leafhoppers were confined to leaves using organza sleeve cages, oviposition increased linearly as fertilizer level increased, without a significant clonal effect. Oviposition did not differ among freeman maple cultivars, nor was it influenced by the fertilizer level applied to the freeman maple trees. Nymphs had the lowest odds of surviving to adulthood when reared on the freeman maple 'Jeffersred , but highest when reared on red maple 59904. Red maple 59904 had the fastest growth rate while red maple 55410 had the slowest. Leaf initiation and expansion in red maple 56026 was significantly slower than in the other selections. Leaf development of these three red maple clones was significantly accelerated by the application of fertilizer, regardless of level. The maple selections differed in their mean amounts of foliar macronutrients and micronutrients, which related to the fertilizer level applied to trees. Unfertilized trees had the highest C to N ratio, which decreased as fertilizer level applied to trees was increased. This study showed that fertilization improved the performance of the potato leafhopper on previously nonpreferred maple selections, and that the foliar nutrient content and C to N ratio could be used as indicators of tree susceptibility to insect attack under different growing conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nitrogen Fertilization and Use of Container-grown Maple Selections as Hosts by the Potato Leafhopper

Bentz¹,

Townsend²

2003

jashs

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“…Promotional literature distributed by manufacturers suggests biostimulants can play an important role in increasing transplant survival. To date, however, most published studies on trees indicate little or no effect of these products (10,12,14,15,26). In agreement with these findings, the biostimulants Maxicrop and Bioplex applied at 10 and 30 ml in combination with a synthetic water retaining polymer was shown to have few positive effects on growth and vitality of rowan at week 8 and 20 post bud break.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, where biostimulants are used, prior experimentation maybe needed to determine the correct application for trees in a garden or landscape setting (28). In many cases where biostimulants have been trialed unsuccessfully as a means of reducing transplant mortalities, few dose response treatments were tested (10,12,14,15,26). Evidence elsewhere has shown that the active ingredient in Fulcrum CRV i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contrary to this, a range of biostimulants and humate-based products marketed as aids to plant establishment in balled and burlapped red maple (Acer rubrum L. 'Franksred') had little beneficial effects on root growth (14). Further work investigating the interaction between fertilization, irrigation and biostimulants on red maples and washington hawthorns (Crataegus phaenopyrum (Blume) Hare) again found little effect on root growth (15). A potential problem regarding the use of biostimulants is their breakdown in soils (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Influence of Biostimulants and Water-Retaining Polymer Root Dips on Survival and Growth of Newly Transplanted Bare-Rooted Silver Birch and Rowan

Barnes

Percival

2006

Journal of Environmental Horticulture

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The influence of five commercially available biostimulant products (Trade names; Generate, Resistim, Fulcrum CRV, Bioplex, Maxicrop) in combination with a water-retaining polymer applied to the root system of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) during the winter period under field conditions was investigated. The short and long-term efficacy of biostimulants on growth was quantified by assessing root and shoot vigor and survival rates at week 8 and 20 post bud break. Improvements in tree vitality were also assessed by measurement of leaf photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll fluorescence emissions and chlorophyll content. Significant effects of species, biostimulant and concentration were found on the majority of growth and tree vitality parameters measured. Only two of the biostimulants tested induced significant growth responses in both tree species. Regardless of species, applications of a water retaining polymer alone had no significant effect on tree survival rates or tree vitality. However, growth of birch was significantly reduced compared to controls indicating a detrimental effect of polymer application alone on this species. Results conclude that use of commercially available biostimulant product in combination with a water retaining polymer can be of use to reduce transplant losses and improve tree vitality and growth over a growing season in silver birch and rowan. Selection of an appropriate biostimulant(s), however, is important as effects on growth and vitality varied widely between species and concentration of biostimulant applied.

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“…Differences between active ingredients may account for previous work disregarding the ability of biostimulants to increase root vigour of tree species tested elsewhere contrary to the positive effects recorded in this investigation. A range of biostimulants and humate-based products marketed as aids to plant establishment in balled and burlapped red maple (Acer rubrum 'Franksred') were investigated by KELTING et al (1998a). Results indicated that the biostimulant treatments used had no beneficial effect on root growth.…”

Section: Biostimulantmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Biostimulants on Growth and Vitality of Three Urban Tree Species Following Transplanting

Fraser¹,

Percival²

2003

Arboricultural Journal

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Four commercially available, biostimulants sold under the trade names 'Generate', 'Crop Set', 'Fulcrum' and 'Redicrop 2000' were applied either as a root drench or foliar spray to three transplant-sensitive tree species, red oak (Quercus rubra), birch (Betula pendula) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) post transplanting. The short and long-term efficacy of the biostimulants on growth was quantified by recording root and shoot vigour at week 8 and 20. In addition, improvements in tree vitality were assessed by measurement of a chlorophyll a performance index based on leaf chlorophyll fluorescence emissions. Irrespective of species, no significant effect of mode of application (foliar spray versus root drench) was recorded on growth and vitality. The biostimulants Generate and Fulcrum increased growth of all three tree species. No significant effects on growth and chlorophyll fluorescence of birch and beech were recorded following applications of the biostimulants Crop Set and Redicrop 2000, however, significant increase in growth of red oak was recorded. Only the biostimulant Generate increased chlorophyll fluorescence values of all test species. Results show use of biostimulants can improve root and shoot vigour following transplanting. However, selection of an appropriate biostimulant is critical as effects on growth and vitality can vary widely between tree species possibly as a result of the differing active ingredient used in the formulation of the product.

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Biostimulants and Soil Amendments Affect Two-year Posttransplant Growth of Red Maple and Washington Hawthorn

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Nitrogen Fertilization and Use of Container-grown Maple Selections as Hosts by the Potato Leafhopper

Nitrogen Fertilization and Use of Container-grown Maple Selections as Hosts by the Potato Leafhopper

Influence of Biostimulants and Water-Retaining Polymer Root Dips on Survival and Growth of Newly Transplanted Bare-Rooted Silver Birch and Rowan

The Influence of Biostimulants on Growth and Vitality of Three Urban Tree Species Following Transplanting

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