Nitrogen Fertilization and Use of Container-grown Maple Selections as Hosts by the Potato Leafhopper

Bentz, Jo-Ann; Townsend, Alden M.

doi:10.21273/jashs.128.6.0821

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The increase in aster yellows could be due to preferential feeding by the vector, the aster leafhopper (Macrosteles quadrilineatus). A relationship between N fertilization and leafhoppers has been noted previously for other leafhopper species and hosts (Bentz and Townsend, 2003;Rossi and Strong, 1991). Splitting is affected by N application rates in previous studies.…”

Section: Research Reportssupporting

confidence: 62%

Carrot Yield, Quality, and Storability in Relation to Preplant and Residual Nitrogen on Mineral and Organic Soils

Westerveld¹,

McDonald²,

McKeown³

2006

horttech

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The Nutrient Management Act (NMA) established in the province of Ontario in 2002 has prompted a re-evaluation of nitrogen (N) management practices. However, N management research in Ontario is currently outdated. The experiment in this 3-year study was designed to establish the yield response of carrot (Daucus carota) to N fertilization on mineral and organic soils and identify the relative yield effects of preplant and residual soil N. In 2002, N was applied at 0%, 50%, 100%, 150%, and 200% of recommended N application rates in Ontario as ammonium nitrate (organic soil: 60 kg·ha-1 preplant; mineral soil: 110 kg·ha-1 split 66% preplant/33% sidedress). Experimental units were split in half in 2003 and 2004, and N was applied to one half in 2003 and both halves in 2004 to identify the effects of residual N from the previous season on yield. Crop stand, yield, and quality were assessed at harvest, and storability was assessed by placing carrots into cold storage for 6 months. Nitrogen application rate had no effect on the yield, quality, or storability of carrots grown on organic soil. On mineral soil there were no effects of applied N in the first year of the 3-year study. In the second and third year on mineral soil, yield increased in response to increasing N, up to 200% and 91% of the recommended application rate, respectively, based on the regression equations. Yield declined above 91% of the recommended application rate in the third year due to a decrease in stand at higher N application rates. There were no effects of N on carrot quality or storability on mineral soil. On mineral soil, residual N from the 2002 season had more effect on yield at harvest in 2003 than N applied in 2003. This major effect of residual soil N on yield provides an explanation for the lack of yield response to preplant N application in previous studies conducted in temperate regions. These results indicate that there is no single N recommendation that is appropriate for all years on mineral soil. Assessing the availability of N from the soil at different depths at seeding is recommended to determine the need for N application.

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Section: Research Reportssupporting

confidence: 62%

Carrot Yield, Quality, and Storability in Relation to Preplant and Residual Nitrogen on Mineral and Organic Soils

Westerveld¹,

McDonald²,

McKeown³

2006

horttech

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“…Our surveys indicate that those plots receiving fertilizer applications had a higher population of leafhopper eggs. This is consistent with studies that characterize leafhoppers as being especially sensitive to nitrogen in leaves due to its inßuence on oviposition preference, growth, and development (Prestidge 1982, Bentz and Townsend 2003, Brodbeck et al 2004. Spatial and temporal distribution of leafhoppers in Þelds can change dramatically in response to the changes in qualities of foliar nitrogen (Bentz and Townsend 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of Production Practices on the Abundance of Quarantine Pests in <I>Dracaena marginata</I> in Costa Rican Production Fields

Prado

Casanoves

Hildago

et al. 2008

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To mitigate risks of invasive pests, international nursery exporters may soon be expected to participate in clean stock programs that reduce the probability of shipping crops that contain pests of quarantine significance. We worked with Costa Rican producers of Dracaena marginata Lam. (Ruscaceae) to identify critical pests, as well as the field conditions and production practices that could be explored for lowering pest abundance in a clean stock program. We sampled the abundance of leafhopper and katydid eggs, armored scales, and snails on leaves using a 10- by 10-m grid in a total of 34 production plots located in two distinct growing regions during the rainy and dry seasons of 2006. Growers were surveyed to determine the production practices in each field. Populations of leafhoppers and snails increased during the rainy season, whereas armored scale populations reached higher densities in the dry season. Fertilizer applications were associated with a greater abundance of leafhoppers, the keystone pests in the system. In contrast, abundances of armored scales and katydids were somewhat lower in fertilized fields. Insecticide applications targeting leafhoppers succeeded in reducing their populations, but secondary outbreaks of armored scales and katydids were observed. Increased frequency of herbicide application was associated with lower populations of leafhoppers with no significant effects on the other herbivores. Although effects of specific production practices in a given plot are confounded, the effects of fertilizer, insecticide, and herbicide use on leafhoppers are consistent with those predicted by literature on this pest. For this reason, the 10- by 10-m sampling grid is sensitive enough for use in controlled studies that evaluate effects of specific practices on pest abundance. As such, it is likely to be a useful tool for developing a clean stock program for D. marginata in Costa Rica.

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“…2006 [citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri Risso, on coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides L. Codd]; Bentz et al. 1995a [sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), on poinsettia, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willdenow]; Bentz and Townsend 2003 [potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae Harris, on red maple, Acer rubrum L.]; Chow et al. 2009 [twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, on roses, Rosa hybrida L.]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing fertilization: a management tactic against western flower thrips on roses

Chow

Chau

Heinz

2011

J Applied Entomology

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Fertilization reduction could be a useful pest management tactic for floriculture crops if it reduced pest populations with minimal impact on crop yield and quality. We evaluated the response of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), to different fertilization levels for cut roses, Rosa hybrida L. cv. ‘Tropicana’, and quantified fertilization effects on (i) abundance of F. occidentalis on cut roses, (ii) biological control of F. occidentalis on cut roses and (iii) nutritional quality of the cut flower crop. We tested a commercially available fertilizer (Peters Excel 15‐5‐15 Cal‐Mag; The Scotts Company, Marysville, OH) at 100% and 33% of the recommended nitrogen level (150 ppm N) for rose production using liquid‐feeding and two control measures: no thrips control measure; release of a predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii (Athias‐Henriot). To maintain equivalent ratios of macro‐ and micronutrients for all our fertilizer treatments, we varied only the concentration of the fertilizer to the levels specified in our experiments. Lowering fertilization rate from 100% to 33% of the recommended level reduced mean F. occidentalis abundance on cut roses by 30%. Combinations of both bottom‐up (fertilization) and top‐down (biological control) tactics provided better F. occidentalis control than either tactic alone. Flower production was not compromised on plants fertilized with 33% of the recommended level. Nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content of the leaf tissue decreased at 33% of the recommended fertilization level, but all values were within optimal ranges for cut roses. We propose that fertility management may be an effective means of reducing thrips numbers on cut roses.

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Nitrogen Fertilization and Use of Container-grown Maple Selections as Hosts by the Potato Leafhopper

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Carrot Yield, Quality, and Storability in Relation to Preplant and Residual Nitrogen on Mineral and Organic Soils

Carrot Yield, Quality, and Storability in Relation to Preplant and Residual Nitrogen on Mineral and Organic Soils

Effects of Production Practices on the Abundance of Quarantine Pests in <I>Dracaena marginata</I> in Costa Rican Production Fields

Reducing fertilization: a management tactic against western flower thrips on roses

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