“…Jowitt and Keays [276] reported that there had been significant research in three of the shale-hosted nickel regions, either because of their size or because of the high metal grades; they are the Talvivaara deposit in Finland, a number of nickel-molybdenum deposits in southern China (e.g., Zunyi and Zhijin, Guizhou province; Dayong and Cili, Hunan, Dexhe, Yunnan, Duchang, Jiangxi and Lizhe, Zhejiang [291]), and deposits in the Selwyn Basin, Yukon, Canada. Copper-enriched polymetallic black-shale ores and their concentrates have been a focus of two large, international projects supported by the European Union, the BioMinE project [292] and the BioShale FP6 project [228]. It should be noted that, while grades or deposit size might preclude the development of economic processes for today's industry, smaller, lower-grade deposits might become economic in the future [276], particularly in view of the success of the Talvivaara heap bioleaching process [238] and the pilot-scale studies on Kupferschiefer concentrates and ores [228].…”