“…Both methods need traditional sample preparation, though very efficient in extracting the target analyte, which is time consuming and produces large amount of solvent wastes. Although conventional qualitative and quantitative assay methods are available alternative biosensor-based immunochemical methods are usually more convenient [8][9][10]. Antibodybased immunosensor technology allows quick and inexpensive analysis of pesticides in the laboratory or in the field [11].…”
“…Both methods need traditional sample preparation, though very efficient in extracting the target analyte, which is time consuming and produces large amount of solvent wastes. Although conventional qualitative and quantitative assay methods are available alternative biosensor-based immunochemical methods are usually more convenient [8][9][10]. Antibodybased immunosensor technology allows quick and inexpensive analysis of pesticides in the laboratory or in the field [11].…”
“…The development of novel transduction methodologies and advancements in the understanding of existing systems have created powerful new approaches to visualising, monitoring and interpreting the biorecognition process. Furthermore, society is increasingly demanding simple, sensitive devices for the rapid decentralised analysis and monitoring of a wide range of compounds, particularly in the clinical, environmental, nutritional and military areas [2][3][4][5][6][7].…”
Many analytical methods involving non-polar analytes require solvent extraction prior to measurement. The analysis procedure is greatly simplified if the method is able to function effectively in the more non-polar solvent extract. This consideration, coupled with the increasing need for simple, specific and rapid diagnostic and screening tools, has focused interest in the development of organic-phase immunosensors.
“…Compared with traditional chromatographic and spectroscopic methods immunosensors have significant advantages in the field of pesticide analysis [96,97]: 1. because of their high specificity, low detection limits can be achieved without the need for expensive, time-consuming, and laborious clean-up steps, and 2. immunosensors are suitable for real time, in-situ or on-line monitoring of pollutants. For determination of pesticide residues in drinking water, only antibody-based methods conform with European Community legislation (EEC Directive 80/778) that set a maximum admissible concentration of 0.1 ng mL -1 for individual pesticides and 0.5 ng mL -1 for total pesticides [98].…”
This article reviews progress and developments during the past five years in the field of optical fiber biosensors. Because of the expense and time constraints associated with modern laboratory analysis, there is a growing need for real-time, low-cost technology that can be used industrially, environmentally, and clinically, and to monitor food processing. Miniaturization, integrated systems, and multianalyte determination have become key aspects of sensor development and efforts in this direction will also be discussed, with some pointers to likely directions of future research in the area. The review will provide information about the analytical characteristics and applications of fiber-optic biosensors classified depending on the biorecognition element employed - enzymes, whole cells, antibodies, nucleic acids, and biomimetic polymers.
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