Biosensors for diagnosis of urinary tract infections: Advances and future challenges

Sharma, Ankita; Agrawal, Ankush; Awasthi, Kumud Kant; Awasthi, Kamlendra; Awasthi, Anjali

doi:10.1016/j.mlblux.2021.100077

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Currently, urine has been considered a biomarker source for cancer detection, urine tract infections, kidney diseases, glucose levels, in ammatory biomarkers for chronic diseases, preeclampsia in pregnancy, etc. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. However, urine could also be used as fuel in electrochemical devices (fuel cells), which could be implemented as power sources on LOC devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a paper-based microfluidic fuel cell using a ZnO/Ni-based composite as anode working with diabetic urine as fuel

Vera-Estrada,

Dector,

Ovando-Medina

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Urine has recently been considered a source of novel biomarkers for early disease detection; developing more autonomous medical devices would be possible if the urine is also used as fuel in microfluidic fuel cells. This work presents a paper-based microfluidic fuel cell that operates, for the first time, with diabetic urine. Diabetic urine has a different composition than normal urine, and some molecules could affect urea oxidation and decrease fuel cell power generation. This work shows a selective catalyst of ZnO and nickel-based particles used as anode in a paper-based microfluidic fuel cell. Catalysts with different concentrations of Ni+2 were evaluated. The best results were obtained with 3% nickel, using diabetic urine; the maximum voltage achieved was 0.89 V, with a maximum current density of 1.18 mA cm-2 and a maximum power density of 1.26 mW cm-2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a paper-based microfluidic fuel cell using a ZnO/Ni-based composite as anode working with diabetic urine as fuel

Vera-Estrada,

Dector,

Ovando-Medina

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…[22] Complex proximal fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva contain many interfering factors such as high levels of cellular debris, water or fat-soluble metabolite, and protease. [23][24][25][26][27][28] In contrast, tears do not contain these elements; therefore, it is considered a "cleaner" fluid. [29][30][31] This synergizes seamlessly with the contact lens (CL) biosensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microchambers Containing Contact Lens for the Noninvasive Detection of Tear Exosomes

Zhu

Haghniaz

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Exosomes, a form of small extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in the metastasis of cancers and thus are investigated as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. However, conventional detection methods like immune‐based assay and microRNA analyses are expensive and require tedious pretreatments and lengthy analysis time. Since exosomes related to cancers are reported to exist in tears, a poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) contact lens embedded with antibody‐conjugated signaling microchambers (ACSM‐PCL) capable of detecting tear exosomes is reported. The ACSM‐PCL exhibits high optical transparency and mechanical properties, along with extraordinary biocompatibility and good sensitivity to exosomes. A gold nanoparticle colorimetric assay is employed to visualize captured exosomes. The ACSM‐PCL can detect exosomes in the pH range of 6.5–7.4 (similar to the human tear pH) and have a strong recovery yield in bovine serum albumin solutions. In particular, the ACSM‐PCL can detect exosomes in various solutions, including regular buffer, cell culture media from various cell lines, and human tears. Finally, the ACSM‐PCL can differentiate expression of exosome surface proteins hypothesized as cancer biomarkers. With these encouraging results, this ACSM‐PCL is promised to be the next generation smart contact lens as an easy‐to‐use, rapid, noninvasive monitoring platform of cancer pre‐screening and supportive diagnosis.

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“…These nanomaterials provide large specific surfaces and particular physical features that boost the catalytic power. The biosensor’s performance is known to be influenced by the interface generated when nanostructured metal oxide (NMO) binds to a biomolecule . Biomolecules connect to metal-oxide nanoparticles in a variety of ways, including physical adsorption and chemical binding. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biosensor's performance is known to be influenced by the interface generated when nanostructured metal oxide (NMO) binds to a biomolecule. 15 Biomolecules connect to metal-oxide nanoparticles in a variety of ways, including physical adsorption and chemical binding. 16 Nonenzymatic metal-oxide-based electrochemical biosensors are now mostly based on semiconductor materials like zinc oxide (ZnO), 18 cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O), 19 tin oxide (SnO 2 ), 20 and others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nano-Onion-Decorated ZnO Composite-Based Enzyme-Less Electrochemical Biosensing Approach for Glucose

et al. 2022

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This study investigates the enzyme-less biosensing property of the zinc oxide/carbon nano-onion (ZnO/CNO) nanocomposite coated on a glassy carbon electrode. The ZnO/CNO nanocomposite was synthesized using the ex situ mixing method, and the structural characterization was done using XRD, SEM, and TEM, whereas functional groups and optical characterization were done through FTIR and UV–visible spectroscopy. The electrochemical sensing response of the ZnO/CNO nanocomposite for the linear range of glucose concentration (0.1–15 mM) was examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) with a potential window of −1.6 to +1.6 V using 0.1 M NaOH as an electrolyte. The ZnO/CNO nanocomposites showed enhanced sensing ability toward glucose with a sensitive value of 606.64 μA/mM cm2. Amperometric i-t measurement supports the finding of CV measurement and showed good sensing ability of the electrode ZnO/CNO nanocomposite material for up to 40 days. The enhanced electrocatalytic activity of the ZnO/CNO nanocomposite is explained due to the synergetic effect of both ZnO and CNO. Our findings suggest a high potential for ZnO/CNO nanocomposite-based glucose biosensors, which could be further utilized to develop noninvasive skin-attached sensors for biomedical applications.

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Biosensors for diagnosis of urinary tract infections: Advances and future challenges

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Performance of a paper-based microfluidic fuel cell using a ZnO/Ni-based composite as anode working with diabetic urine as fuel

Performance of a paper-based microfluidic fuel cell using a ZnO/Ni-based composite as anode working with diabetic urine as fuel

A Microchambers Containing Contact Lens for the Noninvasive Detection of Tear Exosomes

Carbon Nano-Onion-Decorated ZnO Composite-Based Enzyme-Less Electrochemical Biosensing Approach for Glucose

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