Biosensor for chlorogenic acid based on an ionic liquid containing iridium nanoparticles and polyphenol oxidase

Screening, separating, and completely recovering polyphenol oxidases and other biochemicals from sweet potato wastewater in starch production

“…As stated in the "Introduction" section, PPO has multiple functions and wide applications in industries (Cout and Herrera 2006;Fernandes et al 2009;Khan and Husain 2007;Kunamneni et al 2008;Mikolasch and Schauer 2009;Zhao et al 2008). The lack of a commercially available and inexpensive enzyme limits its widespread application in various industries (Dubé et al 2008).…”

“…Although PPO causes undesirable color modifications in freshly cut fruits, vegetables and juices, and browning of explants in tissue culture Mayer 2006), the enzyme has multiple functions in the polymerization and degradation of phenolic and other substances and can be applied in a wide range of industries, such as organic synthesis (Kunamneni et al 2008;Mikolasch and Schauer 2009), treatment of industrial dyes and wastewaters (Khan and Husain 2007;Zhao et al 2008;Dubé et al 2008), pulp and paper bleaching, and removal of phenolics and increasing stability of wine, beer, and juices (Cout and Herrera 2006). PPO can also be used as a biosensor for biofuel cells and for sensitive detection of drugs and chemicals (Fernandes et al 2009). In the processes of production of black tea, PPO plays important roles in the synthesis of tea theaflavins, transformation of black tea aroma (Itoh et al 2007;Sharma et al 2009;Li et al 2009), and improvement of the flavor and quality of black tea (Sang et al 2011).…”

Bioelectroanalytical Determination of Rutin Based on bi‐Enzymatic Sensor Containing Iridium Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquid Phase Supported in Clay

“…This study demonstrates the benefits of incorporating Ir-BMI.BF 4 in the development of more sensitive biosensors with better detection limits. Moreover, according to reports by Fernandes et al [13] the presence of metal NPs and IL can also provide a suitable microenvironment for the enzyme, allowing the direct transfer of electrons between the immobilized enzyme and the electrode surface.…”

“…These stable transition-metal NPs dispersed in ILs have been used successfully in the catalysis of various chemical reactions [7][8][9] and the construction of high performance biosensors [8,[11][12][13].…”

“…The PPO activity was determined via the increase in the absorbance of the product o-quinone formed by the oxidation of catechol at a wavelength of 420 nm. The measurements were carried out in triplicate mixing 0.2 mL of fennel extract and 2.8 mL of 5.0 10 À2 mol L À1 catecol solution [13]. The LAC enzyme was obtained from the fungus (A. oryzae) and its activity was determined spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 420 nm.…”