Biosensor based on tyrosinase immobilized on a single-walled carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode for detection of epinephrine

Abstract

A biosensor comprising tyrosinase immobilized on a single-walled carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode has been developed. The sensitive element, ie, tyrosinase, was immobilized using a drop-and-dry method followed by cross-linking. Tyrosinase maintained high bioactivity on this nanomaterial, catalyzing the oxidation of epinephrine to epinephrine-quinone, which was electrochemically reduced (−0.07 V versus Ag/AgCl) on the biosensor surface. Under optimum conditions, the biosensor showed a linear response in the range of 10–110 μM. The limit of detection was calculated to be 2.54 μM with a correlation coefficient of 0.977. The repeatability, expressed as the relative standard deviation for five consecutive determinations of 10 −5 M epinephrine solution was 3.4%. A good correlation was obtained between results obtained by the biosensor and those obtained by ultraviolet spectrophotometric methods.

Voltammetric Determination of Epinephrine in Pharmaceutical Sample with a Tyrosinase Nanobiosensor

“…According to Table 1, the developed biosensor shows wider linear range than some of them [3, 4, 21, 27, 30, 32-35, 48, 49, 51]. The detection limit of the developed biosensor is also better than some electrodes [27,30,32,33,35,48,49,51,6 Journal of Sensors [52], and 2.9 × 10 −8 M for CPE/MWCNTs [28]. In the present study, obtained estimation limit value is comparable with the findings reported in the relevant literature.…”

Voltammetric and amperometric sensors for determination of epinephrine: A short review (2013-2017)

“…In the research performed by Apetrei [63], a biosensor comprising tyrosinase immobilized on a SWCNTs modified GCE was developed for determination of EP. Tyrosinase maintained high bioactivity on this nanomaterial by catalyzing the oxidation of EP to EP quinone, which was electrochemically reduced (-0.07 V vs. Ag/AgCl) on the biosensor surface.…”

Polymer/Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes for the Enhanced Detection of Epinephrine

“…Various methods, including liquid chromatography , spectrophotometry , flow injection analysis , chemiluminescence , capillary electrophoresis , and photokinetics have been reported for the determination of epinephrine. However, since epinephrine is easily oxidized, electrochemical methods constitute a quicker, cost‐effective, simple and more sensitive alternative, and have been amongst the most appealing and suitable techniques employed . Despite the advantages, the electrochemical determination of epinephrine can be a challenging task.…”

“…Additionally, epinephrine coexists in natural environments with other electroactive species such as ascorbic acid and uric acid, which oxidize at unmodified electrodes at almost the same potential, leading to poor selectivity and reproducibility . To overcome these limitations, the use of modified electrodes for monitoring epinephrine has been proposed .…”

“…For instance, poly(methylene blue)/MWCNT/GCE , poly(brilliant cresyl blue)/MWCNT/GCE , poly(malachite green)/MWCNT/GCE , poly(neutral red)/MWCNT/GCE and poly(brilliant cresyl blue)/graphene/GCE have been successfully applied as EP sensors. Carbon nanotube modified electrodes have also been prepared and used for EP detection, in combination with other components such as cyclodextrin , Nafion , hematoxylin , cobalt phthalocyanine , tyrosinase , dopamine dithiocarbamate , chitosan , and iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 ) . Gold , ITO and graphene modified electrodes are further attempts to the fabrication of EP electrochemical sensors.…”