Polymer/Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes for the Enhanced Detection of Epinephrine

Abstract

Novel electrochemical sensors for epinephrine (EP) based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a redox polymer film and iron (III) oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3NP) have been developed. Two redox polymers‐poly(brilliant cresyl blue) (PBCB) and poly(Nile blue) (PNB), and two different architectures‐polymer/Fe2O3/GCE and Fe2O3/polymer/GCE were investigated. The electrochemical oxidation of epinephrine at the modified electrodes was performed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), in pH 7 electrolyte, and the analytical parameters were determined. The results show enhanced performance, more sensitive responses and lower detection limits at the modified electrodes, compared to other electrochemical epinephrine sensors reported in the literature. The best voltammetric response with the lowest detection limit was obtained for the determination of epinephrine at PBCB/Fe2O3/GCE. The novel sensors are reusable, with good reproducibility and stability, and were successfully applied to the determination of epinephrine in commercial injectable adrenaline samples.

Metal-Free Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: Insights from Synthesis to Applications in Sustainable Catalysis

“…Its flickering levels can cause various diseases including adrenal hyperplasia, hypoglycemia, and chronic active hepatitis . It is also used to medicate various allergic infections, glaucoma, and emphysema . Several analytical techniques such as high-pressure liquid chromatography, fluorimetry, and capillary electrophoresis are reported for the determination of EP levels in body fluids. , But most of the methods are not suitable for the analysis of biological samples due to acidic conditions .…”

Electrochemical Detection of Epinephrine Based on a Screen‐printed Electrode Modified with NiO−ERGO Nanocomposite Film

“…As a significant sensor parameter, the sensitivity of NiOÀ ERGO/SPE was also determined to be 0.0806 μAμM À 1 for the detection of EPI by utilizing the slope of the calibration graph. To compare the detection performance of the proposed sensor, the analytical characteristics of both NiOÀ ERGO/SPE and EPI sensing studies in the last few years [3,5,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44] for EPI detection are summarized in Table 1. The results clearly show NiOÀ ERGO/SPE is comparable or better than EPI sensors reported in previous studies.…”

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of epinephrine and acetylcholine using modified screen printed electrode

“…Low levels of epinephrine have been found in patients with Parkinson's disease and presence of epinephrine in the body affects the regulation of blood pressure and the heart rate, lipolysis, immune system, and glycogen metabolism. Medically, epinephrine has been used as a common emergency healthcare medicine [3]. Acetylcholine (ACh), an organic chemical, is released by nerve cells to deliver signals to the other cell types and acts as a neurotransmitter.…”