Biosensor-based diagnostic approaches for various cellular biomarkers of breast cancer: A comprehensive review

Efficiency of Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Diagnostics based Point-of-Care Detection of Non-Invasive Oral Cancer Biomarkers

“…Furthermore, some other optical imaging platforms such as chemiluminescence, tissue-auto-fluorescence, brush biopsy, optical coherence, and toluidine blue staining are utilized for early-stage screening of oral cancer biomarkers [121,122]. Moreover, the major challenges of the early diagnosis are the presence of low quantities of biomarkers in a clinical sample, which is hard to diagnose, and quantify and predict the clinical stage [3,123]. Among these diagnostic platforms, the electrochemical biosensors for the diagnosis of oral cancer biomarkers have been widely used because these are robust, user-friendly, easy to miniaturize, and offer wider detection limits even when a little volume of analytes are present.…”

“…Early detection of various types of cancer has gained momentum due to the availability of biosensor-based diagnostic technology which are having many advantageous features over traditional diagnostic technologies such as high throughput, non-invasive nature, cost-effectiveness, easily interpretable results, and multiplexing capacity. Despite promising results, certain limitations like high cost, skilled supervision, expert data analysis, and need for the invasive procedure (in biopsy) hampered their usage in real-time diagnosis [3].…”

“…Cancer growth is an infection where cell partition takes place wildly, bringing about the development of tumours. Further, the cells from tumours can metastasize to different organs through veins, spreading the infections to other body parts [3]. Cancer incidence is increasing worldwide for all cancers with 19.3 million estimated case incidents in 2020, which would be estimated to increase to 30.2 million new cases in 2040, whereas the mortalities were 9.96 million in 2020, which would increase to 16.3 million new deaths in 2040 [4].…”

Mof@Mos2-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Ca125 Detection

“…These devices are widely recognized in the literature to serve as useful substrates for designing portable electrochemical sensors, mainly because of their good conductivity, electrical stability in typical electrolytes and reduced dimensions [61]. In a list of 110 recent articles reviewed by Ranjan, et al [62] on point-of-care biosensors for breast cancer diagnosis, 23% were described the use of antibodies and 5% the use of aptamers as bioreceptors, which symbolically represents the large employment of these biomolecules in biosensors of medical interests. In this same work, other elements of recognition were described, e.g.…”

Characteristics of P-Type and N-Type Photoelectrochemical Biosensors: A Case Study for Esophageal Cancer Detection

“…Cancer can be prevented at an early stage; however, most cancers are diagnosed after they reach severe stages or even metastasize, during which treatment is difficult. The rapid introduction of nanotechnology has affected the development of biosensors; the exploration of novel designs of biosensors for diagnosis can improve the prognosis of cancer [48,49]. In the present study, photoelectrochemical analysis was used to discuss the relationship of electron-hole transmission with P-type and N-type structures.…”