Biosensing and drug delivery by polypyrrole

Geetha, S.; Rao, C. Raghavendra; Vijayan, M.; Trivedi, D.C.

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2005.10.011

Cited by 305 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Conducting polymers are demonstrated to be good candidates for electrochemical controlled release of drugs. 24 Chronoamperometric studies at a positive potential of 0.5 V vs. Pt wire was carried out at an interval of two minutes for 60 minutes and the electrolyte was probed using UV-visible spectroscopy for the increase in the concentration of BSA (Figure 2(b)). On the UV spectra typical benzene peaks were observed ranging between 255 to 275 nm and the increase in these peak heights were accounted to the increase in the amount of benzene sulfonate (BS) anions released by potentiostatic control.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsically flexible electronic materials for smart device applications

2016

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COMMUNICATIONA novel method to fabricate chemically linked conducting polymer-biopolymer composites that are intrinsically flexible and conducting for functional electrode applications is presented. Polypyrrole was synthesized in situ during the cellulose regeneration process using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid as a solvent medium. The obtained polypyrrole-cellulose composite was chemically blended and showed flexible polymer properties while retaining the electronic properties of a conducting polymer. Addition of an ionic liquid such as trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, enhanced the flexibility of the composite. A functional application of these materials in electrochemically controlled release of a model drug has been demonstrated. This strategy opens up a new design for a wide spectrum of materials for smart electronic device applications wherein the functionality of doping and dedoping of conducting polymers is retained and their processability issue is addressed by exploiting an ionic liquid route.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsically flexible electronic materials for smart device applications

2016

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“…The objective of a drug delivery system is to provide drugs to targeted location using an intermediary system that can control the administration of the drug by chemical, electrical, electrochemical, thermal or physiological release circuits or by a combination of the above [37]. Smith and Lamprou [38] have revised the applications of polymer coatings for a variety of biomedical applications including drug delivery and highlighted the main goals as the improvement of bioavailability.…”

Section: General Drug Delivery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposited conductive polymers for controlled drug release: polypyrrole

Alshammary

Walsh

Herrasti

et al. 2015

J Solid State Electrochem

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Over the last 40 years, electrically conductive polymers have become well established as important electrode materials. Polyanilines, polythiophenes and polypyrroles have received particular attention due to their ease of synthesis, chemical stability, mechanical robustness and the ability to tailor their properties. Electrochemical synthesis of these materials as films have proved to be a robust and simple way to realise surface layers with controlled thickness, electrical conductivity and ion transport. In the last decade, the biomedical compatibility of electrodeposited polymers has become recognised; in particular, polypyrroles have been studied extensively and can provide an effective route to pharmaceutical drug release. The factors controlling the electrodeposition of this polymer from practical electrolytes are considered in this review including electrolyte composition and operating conditions such as the temperature and electrode potential. Voltammetry and current-time behaviour are seen to be effective techniques for film characterisation during and after their formation. The degree of take-up and the rate of drug release depend greatly on the structure, composition and oxidation state of the polymer film. Specialised aspects are considered, including galvanic cells with a Mg anode, use of catalytic nanomotors or implantable biofuel cells for a self-powered drug delivery system and nanoporous surfaces and nanostructures. Following a survey of polymer and drug types, progress in this field is summarised and aspects requiring further research are highlighted.

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“…Recently, our group extended the application of PPy nanowire network to this field, obtaining an effective drug release system with high adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release efficiency [5]. 2 It is well known that CPs can be used as drug carriers due to their unique dopingdedoping and stimulus-responsive property [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], where drugs can be incorporated into CPs as dopants and then be released upon electrical stimulation. Therefore, the capacity of drug loading is dependent on the doping level (which is usually low) and the type of drugs is restricted to the charged and small molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced drug loading capacity of polypyrrole nanowire network for controlled drug release

et al. 2013

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For a conducting polymer (CP) based drug release system, drug loading is often accomplished by a doping process, in which drug is incorporated into polymer as dopant. Therefore, the drug loading capacity is relatively low and the range of drugs can be loaded is limited. In the present work, a polypyrrole (PPy) nanowire network is prepared by an electrochemical method and it is found that the micro-and nanogaps among the individual nanowires of the PPy nanowire network can be used as reservoir to store drugs. Therefore, the drug loading capacity is dependent on the volume of these micro-and nano-vacancies, instead of the doping level. The range of loaded drugs also can be theoretically extended to any drugs, instead of only charged dopants. In fact, it is confirmed here that both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs can be loaded into the micro-and nano-gaps due to the amphilicity of the PPy nanowire network. As a result, both drug loading capacity and the range of drugs can be loaded are significantly improved. After being covered with a protective PPy film, controlled drug release from the prepared system is achieved by electrical stimulation (cyclic voltammetry, CV) and the amount of drug released can be controlled by changing the scan rate of CV and the thickness of the protective PPy film.

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Biosensing and drug delivery by polypyrrole

Cited by 305 publications

References 89 publications

Intrinsically flexible electronic materials for smart device applications

Intrinsically flexible electronic materials for smart device applications

Electrodeposited conductive polymers for controlled drug release: polypyrrole

Enhanced drug loading capacity of polypyrrole nanowire network for controlled drug release

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