Bioremoval of heavy metals by the use of microalgae

Wilde, E.W.; Benemann, John R.

doi:10.1016/0734-9750(93)90003-6

Cited by 414 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Some bacteria employ plasmid mediated efflux system that energetically drives out Cd, Zn and many other toxic metal ions (9,18,26). Whereas many bacteria adsorb heavy metals to their cell wall (7,8,17,23,32) or bind metal ions to proteins like metallothioneins, metal-peptide etc (10). Microbes often do precipitate heavy metals in the form of insoluble phosphate, sulfide or others to reduce their bioavailability (2,3,12,28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas aeruginosa KUCd1, a possible candidate for cadmium bioremediation

Sinha¹,

Mukherjee²

2009

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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A cadmium (8 mM) resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain KUCd1 exhibiting high Cd accumulation under in vitro aerobic condition has been reported. The isolate showed a significant ability to remove more than 75% and 89% of the soluble cadmium during the active growth phase from the growth medium and from Cd-amended industrial wastewater under growth supportive condition. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) suggest the presence of Cd in the cells from mid-stationary phase. The cell fractionation study revealed membrane and periplasm to be the major accumulating site in this strain. The chemical nature of the accumulated Cd was studied by X-ray powder diffraction analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas aeruginosa KUCd1, a possible candidate for cadmium bioremediation

Sinha¹,

Mukherjee²

2009

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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“…Untuk aplikasi di lapangan, maka diperlukan suatu desain proses biosorpsi dengan mempertimbangkan halhal sebagai berikut: a) modifikasi biomassa yang sesuai atau perlakuan awal yang akan meningkatkan penyerapan, b) waktu tinggal limbah atau waktu kontak proses, c) proses pemisahan atau recovery biomassa, d) pembuangan biomassa yang telah digunakan, dan e) pertimbangan ekonomis proses (Widle & Benemann, 1993). Oleh sebab itu, penelitian dilakukan dengan pengubahan parameter yang akan mempengaruhi penyerapan logam, di antaranya pH, waktu kontak, dan beberapa perlakuan pada biomassa, baik secara fisika maupun dengan perendaman dengan zat kimia seperti NaOH, formaldehida, dan pemanasan.…”

Section: Hasil Dan Pembahasanunclassified

Biosorpsi logam Zn oleh biomassa Saccharomyces cerevisiae *) Biosorption of Zn metal by Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass

KRESNAWATY¹,

TRI-PANJI²

2016

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SummaryHeavy metal in waste water potentiallycauses environmental pollution. Generally,heavy metal pollutions come from metalplating, textile, latex-rubber goods, and otherindustries. The process of latex-rubber goodindustries uses heavy metal in the form ofZnO as accelerator for rubber vulcanizationprocess, so that Zn 2+ ion exists in wastewatereffluents in concentration as much as 300 ppm,whereas the maximum limit allowed is 2.5 ppm.The chemical way generally used to decreaseZn 2+ concentration in wastewater effluents isby adding bases, NaOH or Ca(OH) 2 until pHreached 11, hence this metal is precipitated asits hydroxide. However, the way is done, isvery high cost and has a risk of the emergencesecondary pollution caused by excess base. Analternative way to absorb Zn 2+ consideredinexpensive is by using biosorbent in the formof Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass frombioethanol industrial waste. The research wasconducted using artificial wastewater withZn 2+ ion concentration of 300 ppm and the pHwas adjusted to the range between 3-7.Biosorption was conducted by addition of freeS. cerevisiae biomass as well as byimmobilized cells on filter paper. Observationwas carried out for Zn 2+ concentration aftercontact time of two and five hours. The resultsof the research indicated that free andimmobilized S. cerevisiae biomass couldabsorb Zn 2+ metal and decreased itsconcentration from 250-300 ppm to 20-50 ppm.The optimum contact time was reached at onehour, while optimum sorption process occurredat pH 5. At low concentration, less than20 ppm S. cerevisiae biomass absorbed lessZn 2+ The NaOH-treated biomass showed bettersorption capabilities compared to cells treatedby formaldehyde or heat treatments. Thecontinue experiment showed the high capacityof biomass treated with NaOH to absorb Zn 2+ ,until concentration 24,02- 47,95 ppm in thefirst sampling and 1,15-10,99 ppm in thesecond sampling. Combination adsorptionprocess using charcoal and zeolite couldadsorp remain concentration of Zn 2+ , so thatcould reached the limit concentration-allowed.RingkasanLogam berat di dalam air limbahmerupakan penyebab pencemaran lingkunganyang potensial. Pencemaran logam berat padaumumnya berasal dari industri penyepuhanlogam, tekstil, barang jadi lateks, serta industrilain. Pada proses industri barang jadi lateksdigunakan logam berat dalam bentuk ZnOsebagai akselerator proses vulkanisasi karet,sehingga ion Zn 2+ terbawa dalam air limbahindustri barang jadi dengan konsentrasimencapai 300 ppm, sedangkan ambang bataskonsentrasi yang diperbolehkan maksimaladalah 2,5 ppm. Cara kimia yang umum di-gunakan untuk menurunkan kandunganZn 2+ dalam air limbah adalah dengan caramenambahkan basa, umumnya NaOH atauCa(OH) 2 , sampai pH sekitar 11, sehinggalogam berat ini diendapkan sebagai hidroksida-nya. Namun demikian, cara ini sangat mahaldan beresiko munculnya pencemaran sekunderakibat kelebihan basa. Salah satu alternatifyang murah untuk penyerapan Zn 2+ adalahmenggunakan biosorben berupa biomassaSaccharomyces cerevisiae yang berasal darilimbah pabrik bioetanol.Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengguna-kan air limbah artifisial yang mengandung ionZn 2+ dengan konsentrasi 300 ppm. Limbahartifisial diatur pHnya antara 3-7. Biosorpsidilakukan dengan menambahkan biomassaS. cerevisiae bebas maupun yang diamobilisasidengan kertas saring. Pengamatan dilakukanterhadap kandungan Zn 2+ setelah waktu kontakdua dan lima jam. Hasil penelitian menunjuk-kan bahwa biomassa S. cerevisiae bebasmaupun amobil mampu menyerap logam Zn 2+dan menurunkan konsentrasinya dari 250-300 ppm menjadi 20-50 ppm. Waktu kontakoptimum dicapai setelah satu jam, sedangkanproses sorpsi optimum terjadi pada pH 5.Biomassa S. cerevisiae kurang efektifmenyerap logam Zn 2+ pada konsentrasi rendah,di bawah 20 ppm. Perlakuan biomassa meng-gunakan NaOH menunjukkan kemampuanpenyerapan yang lebih baik jika dibandingkandengan yang diperlakukan menggunakanformaldehida dan pemanasan. Percobaan padaaliran kontinyu yang menggunakan biomassayang diperlaukan menggunakan NaOH,menunjukkan bahwa limbah artifisial Zn 2+dapat diturunkan sampai konsentrasi 24,02-47,95 ppm pada sampling pertama, dan 1,15-10,99 ppm pada sampling kedua. Kombinasipenyerapan menggunakan arang aktif danzeolit dapat menyerap sisa Zn 2+ mencapai batasyang diperbolehkan.

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“…Oscillatoria and Spirulina have recorded moderate arsenic uptake throughout the study. as they are required as essential nutrients [32] and have been explored for metal removal [33]. The level of metal removal by a microalga depends on biomass concentrations, pH and contact time [34][35][36].…”

Section: As(iiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosorption of Arsenic by Living and Dried Biomass of Fresh Water Microalgae - Potentials and Equilibrium Studies

2014

J Bioremed Biodeg

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IntroductionAquatic ecosystems are mainly affected by heavy metals and represent a potential risk to the health of humans and ecosystems [1]. Heavy metal ions in the environment are biomagnified in the food chain and are accumulated in tissues. Although low concentrations of some heavy metals are metabolically important to many living organisms, at higher levels they can potentially be toxic [2].Arsenic (As) is a component of many industrial raw materials, products and wastes. Elevated levels of arsenic in drinking water have been implicated in human diseases and mortality [3]. Chronic exposure to arsenic causes neurological and haematological toxicity [4]. Arsenic impacts the major organs and is a potential carcinogen [5][6][7]. The most common arsenic species observed in the environment are the trivalent form arsenite As (III) and pentavalent form arsenate As (V) in which As (III) is more toxic than As (V) [8]. Because arsenic readily changes valence state and reacts to form species with varying toxicity and mobility, effective treatment of arsenic can be challenging. Arsenic treatment technologies require peroxidation step to form As (V) from As (III) [9] but the cost and secondary product formation during other conventional methods reduce the practices [10]. Use of biological processes provides a means for cost-effective removal of metals for the treatment of metal contaminated waters.Microbes are ideal candidates to decrease the heavy metal ion concentration from ppm to ppb levels [11]. Microalgae are known to sequestrate heavy metals due to their cell wall constituents which act as binding sites for metals [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Bioaccumulation of metals by algae may create a feasible method for remediating water contaminated with metals [18,19]. It is well established that several marine and fresh water algae are able to take up various heavy metals selectively from aqueous media and to accumulate these metals within their cells [20][21][22]. Microalgae have been shown to accumulate arsenic and could potentially remediate through adsorption and biotransformation of inorganic arsenic [23][24][25].In this study, the emphasis has been laid to know the efficiency of fresh water algal species in removing the arsenic from aqueous solutions. The research was to simultaneously determine the differences in arsenate and arsenite sorption capacities of living and dried algal biomass. Materials and Methods Sample collection and identificationAlgal samples were collected from Bangalore fresh water habitats (13°04'N, 77°58'E) and washed several times with tap water and then with deionized water before analysed by using microscope. The family and genus identified with reference to the biology of algae [26]. The identified algae were Chlorophyceae (Botryococcus, Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Gonium, Pandorina, Scenedesmus, Spirogyra, Volvox), Cyanophyceae (Oscillatoria, Spirulina) and Euglenophyceae (Phacus). ChemicalsAll chemicals used in this study were of analytical reagent grade. Stock solutions of 100 mg/L concentra...

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Bioremoval of heavy metals by the use of microalgae

Cited by 414 publications

References 74 publications

Pseudomonas aeruginosa KUCd1, a possible candidate for cadmium bioremediation

Pseudomonas aeruginosa KUCd1, a possible candidate for cadmium bioremediation

Biosorpsi logam Zn oleh biomassa Saccharomyces cerevisiae *) Biosorption of Zn metal by Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass

Biosorption of Arsenic by Living and Dried Biomass of Fresh Water Microalgae - Potentials and Equilibrium Studies

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