Bioremediation of Metals from Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB) Waste

Dolker, Tenzin; Pant, Deepak

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7413-4_14

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…57 Metal recovery by the leaching process usually occurs via acid dissolution, but the acid intake can be reduced by adding an oxidizing agent such as H 2 O 2 or Fe 3+ . 31,32 The metal recovery is increased by the combined effect of proton attack (acid) and the oxidation process in the bioleaching process.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decrease in oxygen dispersion changes the metabolism of the bacteria, electron transport, and redox potential in the solution, and thus reduces the leaching efficiency . Metal recovery by the leaching process usually occurs via acid dissolution, but the acid intake can be reduced by adding an oxidizing agent such as H 2 O 2 or Fe 3+ . , The metal recovery is increased by the combined effect of proton attack (acid) and the oxidation process in the bioleaching process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These bacteria use sulfur powder (S°) or FeSO 4 as their primary energy sources and produce H 2 SO 4 and Fe 3+ in the culture solution, which can dissolve metals such as Co, Li, Ni, Mn, and Cu from the spent LIBs . Bioleaching technology has been used to recover metals from ore, sewage, spent catalyst, printed circuit boards (PCBs), and LIBs using iron-oxidizing bacteria such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Leptospirillum ferrooxidans, and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans; sulfur-oxidizing bacteria such as Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans; − and fungi such as Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. − Bioleaching of LIBs has been reported with pulp densities in between 5 and 40 g/L in most of the previous reports, where the batteries were from a single source (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, or coin cells), and the battery materials were separated for the lab-scale experiments by manual dismantling. ,,− It took 10–15 days for the bioleaching processes to achieve an efficiency of 80–95% for metal extraction. − Metal recovery from LIBs through the bioleaching process at a high pulp density is challenging due to the metal toxicity, substrate distribution, reduced dissolved oxygen, and an inadequate air supply because of higher viscosity …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioleaching as an Eco-Friendly Approach for Metal Recovery from Spent NMC-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries at a High Pulp Density

Roy

Srinivasan

Cao

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are extensively used for power storage in most gadgets, electric vehicles (EV), and energy storage devices. Spent LIBs are an excellent source of metals, which can be recycled and reused in new batteries to reduce environmental impacts. Our current study reports bioleaching-mediated metal recovery from spent nickel-, manganese-, cobalt (NMC)-based LIBs at a high solid content, using an autotrophic bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis showed recoveries of 90% Ni, 92% Mn, 82% Co, and 89% Li from spent LIBs in 72 h at a solid content of 100 g/L. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) analyses of the LIB powder before and after bioleaching confirmed that most of the metals leached out from the batteries. A high leaching efficiency was achieved by elevated concentrations of H2SO4 and ferric ion in the A. ferrooxidans culture as well as replenished bacterial culture for three cycles during the bioleaching. The bioleaching process reported here can be used to efficiently extract metals from spent EV batteries in an eco-friendly manner.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioleaching as an Eco-Friendly Approach for Metal Recovery from Spent NMC-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries at a High Pulp Density

Roy

Srinivasan

Cao

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Chemolithoautotrophic bacteria such as A. ferrooxidans required ferrous salts as their primary nutrients to produce biogenic sulphuric acid and Fe 3+ ions production, and A. thiooxidan required elemental sulfur (Mishra et al, 2008;Dolker and Pant, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018a;Quatrini and Johnson, 2019). The growth media is also supplemented with ammonium, phosphate, and magnesium salts for their optimum growth.…”

Section: Microbial Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by the bioleaching approach

2021

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“…In comparison, hydrometallurgical processing allows the recovery of most of the metals within LIBs to be extracted, separated and recovered [10]. Leaching of metals from LIB waste have been widely investigated using various lixiviants to promote metal solubilisation [7,11,12]. It has been demonstrated that up to 99% solubilisation of cobalt (Co) and Li can be achieved with LIB wastes using strong inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric acids [9,13,14].…”

Section: Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Metals from Waste Lithium Ion Battery Leachates Using Biogenic Hydrogen Sulfide

et al. 2019

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Lithium ion battery (LIB) waste is increasing globally and contains an abundance of valuable metals that can be recovered for re-use. This study aimed to evaluate the recovery of metals from LIB waste leachate using hydrogen sulfide generated by a consortium of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in a lactate-fed fluidised bed reactor (FBR). The microbial community analysis showed Desulfovibrio as the most abundant genus in a dynamic and diverse bioreactor consortium. During periods of biogenic hydrogen sulfide production, the average dissolved sulfide concentration was 507 mg L−1 and the average volumetric sulfate reduction rate was 278 mg L−1 d−1. Over 99% precipitation efficiency was achieved for Al, Ni, Co, and Cu using biogenic sulfide and NaOH, accounting for 96% of the metal value contained in the LIB waste leachate. The purity indices of the precipitates were highest for Co, being above 0.7 for the precipitate at pH 10. However, the process was not selective for individual metals due to simultaneous precipitation and the complexity of the metal content of the LIB waste. Overall, the process facilitated the production of high value mixed metal precipitates, which could be purified further or used as feedstock for other processes, such as the production of steel.

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Bioremediation of Metals from Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB) Waste

Cited by 4 publications

References 62 publications

Bioleaching as an Eco-Friendly Approach for Metal Recovery from Spent NMC-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries at a High Pulp Density

Bioleaching as an Eco-Friendly Approach for Metal Recovery from Spent NMC-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries at a High Pulp Density

A review on the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by the bioleaching approach

Recovery of Metals from Waste Lithium Ion Battery Leachates Using Biogenic Hydrogen Sulfide

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