A review on the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by the bioleaching approach

Roy, Joseph Jegan; Cao, Bin; Srinivasan, Madhavi

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130944

Cited by 166 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 141 publications

(208 reference statements)

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“…[ 144 ] The group of microorganisms involved in the bioleaching of metals from LIBs were usually chemolithotrophic prokaryotes, heterotrophic bacteria, and fungi. [ 145 ] Relatively high recoveries of Ni (90%), Mn (92%), Co (82%), and Li (89%) from spent LIBs in 72 h with a solid content of 100 g L −1 were achieved using bacteria— Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans . [ 146 ] However, despite extensive research, biotechnologies are not commonly applied in battery recycling due to comparably slow process kinetics, leading to long processing times.…”

Section: State Of the Art Recycling Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries—Current State of the Art, Circular Economy, and Next Generation Recycling

Neumann

Petraniková

Meeus

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

386

186

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Being successfully introduced into the market only 30 years ago, lithium‐ion batteries have become state‐of‐the‐art power sources for portable electronic devices and the most promising candidate for energy storage in stationary or electric vehicle applications. This widespread use in a multitude of industrial and private applications leads to the need for recycling and reutilization of their constituent components. Improving the “recycling technology” of lithium ion batteries is a continuous effort and recycling is far from maturity today. The complexity of lithium ion batteries with varying active and inactive material chemistries interferes with the desire to establish one robust recycling procedure for all kinds of lithium ion batteries. Therefore, the current state of the art needs to be analyzed, improved, and adapted for the coming cell chemistries and components. This paper provides an overview of regulations and new battery directive demands. It covers current practices in material collection, sorting, transportation, handling, and recycling. Future generations of batteries will further increase the diversity of cell chemistry and components. Therefore, this paper presents predictions related to the challenges of future battery recycling with regard to battery materials and chemical composition, and discusses future approaches to battery recycling.

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Section: State Of the Art Recycling Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using bioleaching, there is no potential for changing the metal valence state, which is commonly needed for a better cobalt recovery. [ 145 ]…”

Section: State Of the Art Recycling Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries—Current State of the Art, Circular Economy, and Next Generation Recycling

Neumann

Petraniková

Meeus

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

386

186

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“…In contrast, direct acid leaching by H 2 SO 4 takes at least 90 min to achieve similar results [42]. Roy et al (2021) found the same Co bioleaching results of Xin et al (2016) for LCO type cathode recycling in a solid-liquid ratio equal to 1/100 [171].…”

Section: Biohydrometallurgymentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In separation, the microorganisms (alive or dead) can be used for adsorption (called biosorption). In some cases, the microorganisms can create chelating compounds with metallic ions [164][165][166].…”

Section: Biohydrometallurgymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cobalt Recovery from Li-Ion Battery Recycling: A Critical Review

Botelho

Stopić

Friedrich

et al. 2021

Metals

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The increasing demand for Li-ion batteries for electric vehicles sheds light upon the Co supply chain. The metal is crucial to the cathode of these batteries, and the leading global producer is the D.R. Congo (70%). For this reason, it is considered critical/strategic due to the risk of interruption of supply in the short and medium term. Due to the increasing consumption for the transportation market, the batteries might be considered a secondary source of Co. The outstanding amount of spent batteries makes them to a core of urban mining warranting special attention. Greener technologies for Co recovery are necessary to achieve sustainable development. As a result of these sourcing challenges, this study is devoted to reviewing the techniques for Co recovery, such as acid leaching (inorganic and organic), separation (solvent extraction, ion exchange resins, and precipitation), and emerging technologies—ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvent, supercritical fluids, nanotechnology, and biohydrometallurgy. A dearth of research in emerging technologies for Co recovery from Li-ion batteries is discussed throughout the manuscript within a broader overview. The study is strictly connected to the Sustainability Development Goals (SDG) number 7, 8, 9, and 12.

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“…On the other hand, hydrometallurgical processes just use aqueous solutions during the E-waste treatment. For this reason, the latter are generally preferred at a large scale 7 , 8 . Indeed, hydrometallurgical processes have some attractive advantages, such as high recovery rates of metals, low consumption of energy, and minimal gas emission 3 , 7 , 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modeling of metal recovery from E-waste using a dark-fermentation-leaching process

Russo

Luongo

Mattei

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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In this work, an original mathematical model for metals leaching from electronic waste in a dark fermentation process is proposed. The kinetic model consists of a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations, accounting for the main biological, chemical, and physical processes occurring in the fermentation of soluble biodegradable substrates and in the dissolution process of metals. Ad-hoc experimental activities were carried out for model calibration purposes, and all experimental data were derived from specific lab-scale tests. The calibration was achieved by varying kinetic and stoichiometric parameters to match the simulation results to experimental data. Cumulative hydrogen production, glucose, organic acids, and leached metal concentrations were obtained from analytical procedures and used for the calibration. The results confirmed the high accuracy of the model in describing biohydrogen production, organic acids accumulation, and metals leaching during the biological degradation process. Thus, the mathematical model represents a useful and reliable tool for the design of strategies for valuable metals recovery from waste or mineral materials. Moreover, further numerical simulations were carried out to analyze the interactions between the fermentation and the leaching processes and to maximize the efficiency of metals recovery due to the fermentation by-products.

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A review on the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by the bioleaching approach

Cited by 166 publications

References 141 publications

Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries—Current State of the Art, Circular Economy, and Next Generation Recycling

Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries—Current State of the Art, Circular Economy, and Next Generation Recycling

Cobalt Recovery from Li-Ion Battery Recycling: A Critical Review

Mathematical modeling of metal recovery from E-waste using a dark-fermentation-leaching process

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