Biorefinery with Water

Ye, Xiang Y.; Cheng, Leming; Ma, Haile; Bujanovic, Biljana; Goundalkar, Mangesh J.; Amidon, Thomas E.

doi:10.1002/9781118449400.ch4

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…Even though other acidic compounds, such as uronic acids (which were almost completely solubilized during HWE of APS), contribute to a further decrease in pH, the process is triggered by deacetylation. The average final pH of HW-extract observed in experiments with APS was 3.42 (standard deviation: 0.079), which is consistent with a previously reported range of 3.2-3.8 [16].…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Eapssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…As indicated by the high removal of uronic acids as compared to the removal of xylans (98% vs. 77%), it can be concluded that highly acidified xylans were preferentially dissolved during HWE. At the same time, glucan (cellulose) was well retained (loss of ~4% glucan) verifying highly selective removal of xylan inherent to HWE [15,16]. It should be noted as well that with complete disappearance of mannose (as shown by 1 H-NMR) a portion of the glucan removed might be due to the removal of glucomannan.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Eapsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Hot-water extraction is a mild autohydrolysis process (160 °C, 2 h) that can selectively remove large amounts of xylans from hardwoods while retaining the carbohydrate structure for further processing, such as hydrolysis and fermentation [15,16]. In addition to removing xylans, hot-water extraction (HWE) results in an increase in cellulose and lignin content, an increase in porosity, a decreased ash content, and cleavage of acetyl groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Composition of Apricot Pit Shells and Effect of Hot-Water Extraction

et al. 2015

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Abstract:Agricultural residues, such as corn stover, wheat straw, and nut shells show promise as feedstocks for lignocellulosic biorefinery due to their relatively high polysaccharide content and low or no nutritional value for human consumption. Apricot pit shells (APS) were studied in this work to assess their potential for use in a biorefinery. Hot water extraction (HWE; 160 °C, 2 h), proposed to remove easily accessible hemicelluloses, was performed to evaluate the susceptibility of APS to this mild pretreatment process. The chemical composition of APS before and after HWE (EAPS) was analyzed by standard methods and 1 H-NMR. A low yield of the remaining HW-extracted APS (~59%) indicated that APS are highly susceptible to this pretreatment method. activity (AOA) of APS extracts was also undertaken. AOA of organic APS extracts were shown to be more than 20 times higher than that of a synthetic antioxidizing agent.

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Section: Chemical Composition Of Eapssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Chemical Composition Of Eapsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Composition of Apricot Pit Shells and Effect of Hot-Water Extraction

et al. 2015

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“…Along with the removal of most of the hemicelluloses, wood undergoes a series of autocatalytic reactions during HWE leading to the removal of certain low amount of lignin [1,[6][7][8][9]. For the HWE performed in a Parr reactor, a decreasing order of DD may be ranked in the following: SM > PT > PE.…”

Section: Hwe: Parr Reactor and M/k Digestermentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Hot-Water Extraction on Acetone-Water Oxygen Delignification of Paulownia Spp. and Lignin Recovery

Gong

Bujanovic

2014

Energies

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A hardwood-based biorefinery process starting with hot-water extraction (HWE) is recommended in order to remove most of the hemicelluloses/xylans before further processing. HWE may be followed by delignification in acetone/water in the presence of oxygen (AWO) for the production of cellulose and lignin. In this study, the HWE-AWO sequence was evaluated for its effectiveness at removing lignin from the fast-growing species Paulownia tomentosa (PT) and Paulownia elongata (PE), in comparison with the reference species, sugar maple (Acer saccharum, SM). HWE might lead to a remarkable increase in lignin accessibility, and as a result, a greater AWO delignification degree was observed for extracted PT, PE, and SM than for unextracted ones. Organosolv lignin was recovered from the spent liquor of AWO delignification of PT with/without prior HWE and characterized to evaluate the benefits of HWE on the lignin structure and purity. The lignin recovered from the spent liquor of HWE-AWO sequence is of higher purity and lighter color than that recovered from the AWO spent liquor. These properties along with low sulfur content are desirable for lignin high-value applications.

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“…Lignin recovered by the ABS Process™ is more valuable because it is sulfur-free, and contaminating carbohydrates may be removed in a separate step if desired. A wide range of products based on this lignin may be suggested and is under study, including adhesives, thermoplastics, and oxygenated phenolics [37].…”

Section: Commercial Chemicals and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercializing Biorefinery Technology: A Case for the Multi-Product Pathway to a Viable Biorefinery

Amidon

Bujanovic

Liu

et al. 2011

Forests

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While there may be many reasons why very interesting science ideas never reach commercial practice, one of the more prevalent is that the reaction or process, which is scientifically possible, cannot be made efficient enough to achieve economic viability. One pathway to economic viability for many business sectors is the multi-product portfolio. Research, development, and deployment of viable biorefinery technology must meld sound science with engineering and business economics. It is virtually axiomatic that increased value can be generated by isolating relatively pure substances from heterogeneous raw materials. Woody biomass is a heterogeneous raw material consisting of the major structural components, cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses, as well as minor components, such as extractives and ash. Cellulose is a linear homopolymer of D-glucopyrano-units with β-D(14) connections and is the wood component most resistant to chemical and biological degradation. Lignin is a macromolecule of phenylpropanoid units, second to cellulose in bio-resistance, and is the key component that is sought for removal from woody biomass in chemical pulping. Hemicelluloses are a collection of heteropolysaccharides, comprised mainly of 5-and 6-carbon sugars. Extractives, some of which have high commercial value, are a collection of low molecular weight organic and inorganic woody materials that can be removed, to some extent, under mild conditions. Applied Biorefinery Sciences, LLC (a private, New York, USA based company) is commercializing a OPEN ACCESSForests 2011, 2 930 value-optimization pathway (the ABS Process™) for generating a multi-product portfolio by isolating and recovering homogeneous substances from each of the above mentioned major and minor woody biomass components. The ABS Process™ incorporates the patent pending, core biorefinery technology, -hot water extraction‖, as developed at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF). Hot water extraction in the absence of mineral acids and bases is preferred because of its ability to generate multiple high value output products without chemical input, recovery, or disposal costs. Instead of added chemicals in the cooking phase, the ABS Process™ relies upon an autocatalytic reaction in which acetyl groups, bound through an ester linkage to hemicellulose chains, are hydrolyzed at high temperature in water. The resulting acidic conditions (final pH ~3.5) and temperatures of 160-170 C permit further solubilization and diffusion of oligomeric 5-and 6-carbon sugars, acetic acid, aromatic substances, monomeric sugars, and other trace compounds into the extract solution. These conditions also avoid extensive degradation of monosaccharides, enabling membrane fractionation and other chemical separation techniques to be used in the following separations. A range of separation techniques are applied on the extract solution to isolate and purify fermentable sugars, acetic acid, lignin, furfural, formic acid, other hemicellulose ...

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Biorefinery with Water

Cited by 9 publications

References 174 publications

Chemical Composition of Apricot Pit Shells and Effect of Hot-Water Extraction

Chemical Composition of Apricot Pit Shells and Effect of Hot-Water Extraction

Impact of Hot-Water Extraction on Acetone-Water Oxygen Delignification of Paulownia Spp. and Lignin Recovery

Commercializing Biorefinery Technology: A Case for the Multi-Product Pathway to a Viable Biorefinery

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