Biorefined organic grass-clover protein concentrate for growing pigs: Effect on growth performance and meat fatty acid profile

Stødkilde, Lene; Ambye‐Jensen, Morten; Jensen, Søren Krogh

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114943

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This is indicative of the green protein imparting a better taste when incorporated in the feed. A recent study by Stødkilde, Ambye-Jensen [46] reported that adding green protein to the feed did not alter the taste to discourage the pigs from consuming it. Furthermore, addition of green protein from sources like clover grass improved the meat percentage and omega 3 fatty acids in meat.…”

Section: Daily Feed Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the methionine and threonine content in the green protein concentrate are comparable with that of soybean meal. Furthermore, the essential amino acid concentration (lysine, methionine, threonine and cysteine) in green protein concentrate was higher than that of sunflower meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal, which are all sources of protein widely exploited as animal feed additives [45,46].…”

Section: Feed Conversion Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of Green Biorefinery Protein Concentrate Derived from Perennial Ryegrass as an Alternative Feed for Pigs

Ravindran

Koopmans²,

Sanders³

et al. 2021

Clean Technol.

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Perennial rye grass is a widely used forage species in Ireland, on which the ruminant sector of agriculture is heavily dependent. While this species of grass is the primary source of fodder for cows, it is also abundant in plant protein, which could form a potential alternative ingredient in monogastric animal feed using a green biorefinery approach. In this study, perennial rye grass was processed using a novel biorefining process to extract value added products including protein as a potential replacement for soybean meal in monogastric feeds. Feed trials were conducted on a commercial farm with 55 weaner pigs for 31 days until slaughter. The diets comprised a control and a trial diet which integrated the green biorefinery protein concentrate. The effects of the new diet were determined by measuring the daily feed intake (DFI), average weight gain (AWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Amino acid profiles of grass protein concentrate and soybean meal were comparable, with the latter having a slightly higher amount of total protein content, lysine and cysteine. The DFI and ADW indicated that the treatment diet was superior to the control. DFI for the treatment diet (1.512 kg/d) was 8% higher than the control diet (1.400 kg/d) by the end of the trial. Additionally, the ADW for the treatment diet was 6.44% higher than that achieved in the control sample. Meanwhile, FCR calculations indicated that the treatment diet is just as efficient as the conventional diet. Overall, the results of the study indicate positive potential for perennial ryegrass-derived green biorefinery protein concentrate as an alternative protein source for pig feed formulations in Ireland.

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Section: Daily Feed Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Feed Conversion Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Green Biorefinery Protein Concentrate Derived from Perennial Ryegrass as an Alternative Feed for Pigs

Ravindran

Koopmans²,

Sanders³

et al. 2021

Clean Technol.

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“…In the broiler experiments the n3 fatty acids increased from 6.7% to 11.8% of the total fatty acids in breast meat, and in the pig experiment the increase was from 1.17% to 3.12% of total fatty acids in Longissimus dorsi (Stødkilde et al, 2020, 2021). In a recent study (Stødkilde et al, 2022) where soybean meal was substituted 1:1 with green protein (9% of total diet) a professional taste panel was not able to detect significant differences in odour, texture, taste and flavour of M. longissimus lumborum roasts from female pigs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The lysine content was slightly lower than soybean but the content of most other essential amino acids was higher. With these concentrates, pigs performed equally, irrespective of inclusion rate (Stødkilde et al, 2021). The highest inclusion rate of 15% of the traditional feed (up to 41% of the crude protein) with grass‐clover protein still secured similar levels of feed intake, growth and feed utilisation to a control group with soybean meal as the dominant protein source.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent review concluded that high quality leaf protein may be incorporated into food for humans (Møller et al, 2021). RuBisCO and alfalfa protein show the most promising functional properties with T A B L E 1 Chemical composition of green protein with 46% and 56% protein respectively and dehulled soybean meal (Stødkilde et al, 2021) On respect to solubility and foaming properties, making it a potential substitute for animal protein ingredients. Thus far, when considering leaf protein for food the focus has been on proteins from alfalfa and sugar beet leaves.…”

Section: Possibilities For Using the Protein In Human Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupling the benefits of grassland crops and green biorefining to produce protein, materials and services for the green transition

Jørgensen

Jensen

Ambye‐Jensen

2022

Grass and Forage Science

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Compared with annual grain and seed crops, perennial grassland has significantly lower losses of nutrients and low pesticide requirements, whilst also supporting soil carbon build‐up. Until now grassland crops have almost exclusively been fed to ruminants and horses. Our experiments on biorefining forages have produced protein of a quality equal to soybean meal. Forage crops can deliver high yields of biomass as well as protein with a well‐balanced amino acid profile. In grass crops from unfertilised permanent grassland, focus has to be on the fibre part of the grass due to a low protein yield. With current techniques we have recovered up to 40% of the forage protein into a protein concentrate with around 50% protein. In addition, a fibre fraction containing 15%–18% protein of dry matter can be produced and used as ruminant feed, bioenergy, or further biorefined into chemical building blocks or bio‐materials. Our feeding experiments have shown that biorefined grassland protein can provide a substitute for soybean meal for poultry and pigs without negative effects on animal performance. The first industrial scale biorefineries on green biomass for feed and bioenergy are now established in Denmark, although more research is needed in order to evaluate protein quality for both feed and food applications. In addition, a full EFSA approval has to be obtained for the application for food. The green biorefinery concept opens new markets for grassland and opportunities for increasing the grassland area to obtain associated ecosystem services.

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The composition and nutritional quality of biorefined lucerne protein depend on precipitation method

Stødkilde,

Ingerslev,

Ambye‐Jensen

et al. 2024

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUNDLucerne protein extract is a novel high‐quality protein source with excellent amino acid (AA) composition of interest for human consumption. In this study, protein from screw‐pressed lucerne juice was extracted by different precipitation methods to evaluate the effect on the chemical composition and nutritional quality of the extracted protein. Methods based on heat, acidification or fermentation were used for protein precipitation, and the nutritional value of protein was evaluated in a rat digestibility trial.RESULTSHeat precipitation at 85 °C produced a protein product with a crude protein (CP) content of 589 g kg−1 dry matter (DM), a balanced AA composition and a high standardized nitrogen (N) digestibility (82.8%). Precipitation by acidification, at a lower temperature (60 °C) or by fermentation, resulted in lower CP content (425–488 g kg−1 DM). Nitrogen digestibility for the pH‐adjusted precipitate was equal to the 85 °C heat‐precipitated protein, while the fermented and 60 °C precipitated proteins showed lower N digestibility (76.5% and 78.6%, respectively). By applying a two‐step heat precipitation method (60 °C followed by 80 °C), a protein content of 712 g kg−1 DM and an N digestibility of 93.6% was reached, which are comparable to high‐quality animal‐based protein sources such as milk, whey, casein, and eggs, covering the AA requirements for children >6 months.CONCLUSIONHigh‐quality protein can be extracted from lucerne, but the future focus should be on increased yield as the current low yields of the refined product will challenge the environmental and economic sustainability of production. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Biorefined organic grass-clover protein concentrate for growing pigs: Effect on growth performance and meat fatty acid profile

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

Production of Green Biorefinery Protein Concentrate Derived from Perennial Ryegrass as an Alternative Feed for Pigs

Production of Green Biorefinery Protein Concentrate Derived from Perennial Ryegrass as an Alternative Feed for Pigs

Coupling the benefits of grassland crops and green biorefining to produce protein, materials and services for the green transition

The composition and nutritional quality of biorefined lucerne protein depend on precipitation method

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