Bioprospecting of Less-Polar Fractions of Ericaria crinita and Ericaria amentacea: Developmental Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity

Abstract

Ericaria crinita and Ericaria amentacea from the Adriatic Sea (Croatia) were investigated with respect to the presence of less-polar compounds for the first time after fractionation by solid-phase extraction (SPE). The composition of less-polar fractions of freeze-dried E. crinita (FdEc) and E. amentacea (FdEa) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS). The major identified compounds were: amides of higher aliphatic acids (palmitoleamide, linoleamide, palmitamide, oleamide and erucamide) and related compounds, carotenoid (fucoxanthin), chlorophyll derivatives (pheophytin a and b and their derivatives) and higher terpenes (loliolide, isoamijiol with its oxidation product), β-stigmasterol and (3β,6α)-14-methylergosta-8,24(28)-diene-3,6-diol). The toxic effects observed on the less-polar fractions obtained from Ericaria species on zebrafish Danio rerio embryos could be associated with the high abundance of all five detected amides. The antioxidant activity of the fractions was evaluated by means of five independent assays, including the reduction of the radical cation (ABTS), the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the Folin–Ciocalteu method. A higher antioxidant activity of E. amentacea in comparison to that of the E. crinita fractions was found with IC50 concentrations of 0.072 and 1.177 mg/mL, respectively. The correlation between the activity and the chemical composition revealed that the synergistic effect of different compounds impacted their antioxidant response.

In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Less Polar Fractions of Dasycladus vermicularis (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 and the Chemical Composition of Fractions and Macroalga Volatilome

“…Benzaldehyde was the most abundant in fresh samples (26.07%; 27.34%) and decreased 2.7-3.7 times after the drying, and the second-most abundant compound was aromatic aldehyde 2-phenylbut-2-enal (24.20%; 21.72%), which could not be found in HS-DrDV (it probably evaporated). On the other hand, benzyl alcohol was the most abundant in air-dried samples (57.92%; 52.48%) (Table 1), as was found in the research of other algae after drying [11,12]. The second-most abundant group of compounds belonged to aliphatic compounds: unsaturated hydrocarbons in HS-FrDV (30.77%; 29.28%) and saturated hydrocarbons in HS-DrDV (16.43%; 22.85%).…”

“…It was also found in Ericaria sp. [11]. Erucamide and palmitamide were previously identified in Prymnesium parvum [31] and Ericaria sp.…”

“…Our previous studies [10][11][12][13] showed that there is a great diversity of VOCs (mainly nonpolar compounds) when comparing fresh and air-dried samples of marine algae. This was the reason to analyse both fresh (FrDV) and air-dried (DrDV) samples to determine the VOCs variability of D. vermicularis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).…”

Music at 6th Socratic Lectures: Organ Concert of Roberta Schmid

“…The F2 and F3 fractions of each macroalga were prepared at a stock concentration of 10 mg/mL and appropriate dilutions of each sample were prepared for further analysis. A detailed description of all preformed methods can be found in recently published research (Radman et al, 2022).…”

Biotechnological Enhancement of Probiotics through Co-Cultivation with Algae: Future or a Trend?

“…In addition, phytosterols, especially fucosterol, also seem to have health benefits, including anticancer, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and many others [22]. Finally, pigments derived from various macroalgae are shown to have antioxidant activities using in vitro and in vivo assays [23][24][25].…”