Bioplastic from Jackfruit Seeds and Rice

Abstract

This study tried to explore characterization of biodegradable plastic from jackfruit seeds and rice waste. Jackfruit seeds and rice waste contain starch, so it can be used for plastic material with addition of several additives such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), glycerol, chitosan and sorbitol. Starch is one of polysaccharides that be used as raw material for biofilms. Polyvinyl alcohol is the most important plastic in making water-soluble films. It was ability to form films, emulsifiers, and its adhesive properties. Polyvinyl alcohol has high tensile strength, good flexibility, and good oxygen barrier. Sorbitol and glycerol are also an additive in the manufacture of biodegradable plastics from starch, which is a plasticizer that increase elasticity. Chitosan have effects to bioplastic, such as biodegradable, hydrophilicity, and anti bacterial. This research aims to determine the effect of addition of PVA, glycerol, chitosan and sorbitol to optimum characteristics of bioplastic. The parameters to be examined bioplastic include thickness, moisture content, tensile strength, and % elongation. Increasing of glycerol added to the plastic material effect to decrease of tensile strength of bioplastic and elongation, lower water resistance and more easily degraded. Increasing of chitosan added to the plastic material effect to higher tensile strength, lower elongation, higher resistance to water and lower degradation. Increasing of PVA added to the plastic material effect to increasing of the tensile strength of the bioplastic and decreasing of elongation of bioplastic, but the increasing of sorbitol effect to decreasing of tensile strength and increasing of elongation of bioplastic.

Overview of Bioplastic Introduction and Its Applications in Product Packaging

“…In addition to the cheap production process, this suitability, combined with a variety of beneficial properties such as light, durability and flexibility has led to widespread use in today's society. As far as product packaging is concerned, packaging plays a role in product holdings and food safety for the food industry [3]. All plastics can be divided into two main categories, thermosetting and thermoplastics, according to their reactions to heating [4].…”

Natural Polymeric Materials: A Solution to Plastic Pollution from the Agro-Food Sector

“…For hydrophilic polymers, polyols have been proven to be very efficient as plasticizers [ 86 , 87 ]. In detail, for bio-based polymers obtained from fruits and vegetables waste, the recent researchers have focused on the usage of glycerol [ 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 ] and sorbitol [ 93 ]. Glycerol content has significant effects on the mechanical properties as well as on the dynamic rheological behavior of thermo-molded bioplastics.…”

“…In the last 10 years, several food wastes have been used as raw material for the production of bioplastics, including biocomposites; mostly fruit and vegetable wastes rich in polysaccharides (such as cellulose, starch, pectin) and in fibers [ 90 , 93 , 101 , 103 , 104 , 105 ] ( Table A1 ). In the next paragraphs, a focus on the main uses of fruits and vegetables wastes for the production of bioplastics will be provided.…”

“…The obtained powder was mixed with sorbitol (from 0 to 6 mL) and poly vinyl alcohol (from 0 to 3 g). Not specified Not specified Tensile strength (MPa): 0–~2.2 Elongation at break: 0–7% Lestari et al [ 93 ] Mangosteen peels Mangosteen peels were sun dried for about 48 h at room temperature. Then, they were grinded and sieved.…”

“…The powder of rice waste was mixed with chitosan (from 30 to 60%) and glycerol (from 0 to 3 mL), heated at 50–60 °C for 30 min. Molding Cellulose based biofilm Tensile strength (MPa): ~0–60 Elongation at break: 2–4% Water resistance: 0.1–0.6% Lestari et al [ 93 ] Sago waste Sago waste was soaked in hot water at 40 °C for 2 h and air dried. The sago waste was then treated with 2% NaOH aqueous solution at 60 °C for 1 h, filtered and washed.…”