Biophysics of Fish Sperm Flagellar Movement: Present Knowledge and Original Directions

Prokopchuk, Galina; Cosson, Jacky

doi:10.5772/66863

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…The main components present in a fish spermatozoon [3,4] are: the head is occupied mostly by the nucleus with paternal DNA material. In most fish species, the head has an almost spherical shape (diameter of 2-4 μm).…”

Section: Structure Of Fish Spermatozoa: a Brief Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spermatozoa often show a spherical nucleus with homogenous, highly condensed chromatin, a nuclear fossa, a midpiece of variable size with or without a cytoplasmic channel, and one or two long flagella [2]. Moreover, fish spermatozoa can be classified into two forms, aqua sperm and intro-sperm, according the external or internal mode of fertilization, respectively [2].The main components present in a fish spermatozoon [3,4] are: the head is occupied mostly by the nucleus with paternal DNA material. In most fish species, the head has an almost spherical shape (diameter of 2-4 μm).…”

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Fish Sperm Physiology: Structure, Factors Regulating Motility, and Motility Evaluation

Cosson¹

2019

Biological Research in Aquatic Science

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For reproduction, most fish species adopt external fertilization: their spermatozoa are delivered in the external milieu (marine-or freshwater) that represents both a drastic environment and a source of signals that control the motility function. This chapter is an updated overview of the signaling pathways going from external signals such as osmolarity and ionic concentration and their membrane reception to their transduction through the membrane and their final reception at the flagellar axoneme level. Additional factors such as energy management will be addressed as they constitute a limiting factor of the motility period of fish spermatozoa. Modern technologies used nowadays for quantitative description of fish sperm flagella in movement will be briefly described as they are more and more needed for prediction of the quality of sperm used for artificial propagation of many fish species used in aquaculture. The chapter will present some applications of these technologies and the information to which they allow access in some aquaculture species.Biological Research in Aquatic Science 2 the current knowledge with respect to (1) membrane reception of the activation signal and its transduction through the spermatozoon plasma membrane via the external membrane components such as ion channels or aquaporins; (2) cytoplasmic trafficking of the activation signal; (3) final steps of the signaling, including signal transduction to the axonemal machinery, and activation of axonemal dynein motors and regulation of their activity; (4) signaling involved in guidance processes that control the sperm/egg approach and meeting; and (5) pathways supplying energy for the short flagellar motility period of fish spermatozoa. For each step in this signaling process, quantitative methods were developed to evaluate the quality of the sperm samples that are used for aquaculture propagation of many fish species. These methods as well as examples of their usefulness for application to fish artificial reproduction are presented in the last part of this chapter. Fish sperm structure and spermatogenesisThe main traits of the flagellar mechanics of spermatozoa and the main factors that regulate their motility have been described in details in a recent review chapter by Cosson et al. [1]. Structure of fish spermatozoa: a brief presentationCompared to mammalian spermatozoa, the structure of a fish spermatozoon is qualified as "simple sperm", mostly because the flagellum structure does not include additional columns flanking the motor part (axoneme) that are present in mammal sperm. In teleost fish, spermatozoa generally have no acrosome (in contrast to chondrostean such as sturgeon), and the impenetrable chorion presents a micropyle that gives access to the membrane of the oocyte. Spermatozoa often show a spherical nucleus with homogenous, highly condensed chromatin, a nuclear fossa, a midpiece of variable size with or without a cytoplasmic channel, and one or two long flagella [2]. Moreover, fish spermatozoa can be classified into two forms, a...

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Section: Structure Of Fish Spermatozoa: a Brief Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Fish Sperm Physiology: Structure, Factors Regulating Motility, and Motility Evaluation

Cosson¹

2019

Biological Research in Aquatic Science

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“…The function of mitochondrial is generating energy (adenosine triphosphate [ATP]) for spermatozoa motility. The duration of motility is determined by the amount of energy stored in fish spermatozoa cells (Prokopchuk & Cosson, 2017). The number of mitochondria will also determine spermatozoa motility, because high motility necessitates a high level of energy consumption.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The midpiece is a receptacle of several mitochondrial and centrioal complexes. The mitochondria are used to generate and deliver energy for the flagellum movement (Prokopchuk & Cosson, 2017). The centriolar complex forms the basal body of the flagellum consisting of the proximal and the distal centrioles, which anchor the flagellum to the sperm cell's head (Cosson, 2019).…”

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Ultrastructure of Javaen barb fish Systomus orphoides Valenciennes, 1842 spermatozoa (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) by electron microscopes

Hilia

Abinawanto

Dwiranti

et al. 2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Javaen barb fish Systomus orphoides Valenciennes, 1842 (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) is a freshwater fish whose population is declining and threatened with extinction. In this study, the ultrastructure of spermatozoa of Javaen barb fish (S. orphoides) was studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The spermatozoa of S. orphoides are relatively simple cells composed of a spherical head, a short midpiece, and a flagellum, as in most Cyprinidae. The ultrastructure is characterized by the absence of acrosome, the total length of spermatozoa is 27.16 ± 4.5 μm, and the head has spherical with a length of 1.84 ± 0.10 μm and width of 1.55 ± 0.15 μm containing a nucleus, midpiece region containing the proximal and distal centrioles and mitochondria. Two or three mitochondria surrounding the axoneme (with a 9 + 2 microtubular pattern). Ultrastructural analyses by SEM and TEM of Javaen barb fish spermatozoa cells are very consistent with those of Cyprinidae. This study provides the ultrastructure information of S. orphoides spermatozoa in the Cyprinidae family this research could be useful in increasing reproductive efficiency and further prevent the extinction of this species.

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“…However, mechanistically it is the flagellum that propels the spermatozoon and, as such, the behaviour of the flagellum is the fundamental characteristic governing the motility of spermatozoa. We believe that the introduction of high-throughput analysis of the flagellar waveform through CASA-Mot has the potential to dramatically increase the quality and quantity of clinically relevant information that can feed into diagnostics alongside more traditional semen analysis results (for a discussion of such flagellar parameters in fish, see Prokopchuk and Cosson 2017).…”

Section: Current Casa-mot Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CASA: tracking the past and plotting the future

Gallagher

Smith

Kirkman-Brown

2018

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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The human semen sample carries a wealth of information of varying degrees of accessibility ranging from the traditional visual measures of count and motility to those that need a more computational approach, such as tracking the flagellar waveform. Although computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) options are becoming more widespread, the gold standard for clinical semen analysis requires trained laboratory staff. In this review we characterise the key attitudes towards the use of CASA and set out areas in which CASA should, and should not, be used and improved. We provide an overview of the current CASA landscape, discussing clinical uses as well as potential areas for the clinical translation of existing research technologies. Finally, we discuss where we see potential for the future of CASA, and how the integration of mathematical modelling and new technologies, such as automated flagellar tracking, may open new doors in clinical semen analysis.

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Biophysics of Fish Sperm Flagellar Movement: Present Knowledge and Original Directions

Cited by 5 publications

References 105 publications

Fish Sperm Physiology: Structure, Factors Regulating Motility, and Motility Evaluation

Fish Sperm Physiology: Structure, Factors Regulating Motility, and Motility Evaluation

Ultrastructure of Javaen barb fish Systomus orphoides Valenciennes, 1842 spermatozoa (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) by electron microscopes

CASA: tracking the past and plotting the future

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