Biophysical and biochemical characterization of five animal viruses with bisegmented double-stranded RNA genomes

Dobos, Peter; Hill, Barry; Hallett, R; Kells, D T; Becht, H.; Teninges, Danielle

doi:10.1128/jvi.32.2.593-605.1979

Cited by 498 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

139

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Members of the genus Aquabirnavirus in family Birnaviridae have nonenveloped, icosahedral capsids 60-70 nm in diameter, and genomes composed of two segments, A and B, of dsRNA ( Fig. 6) (Dobos et al, 1979;Mertens, 2004;Nishizawa et al, 2005;Pedersen et al, 2007). Segment A is 3.1 kb long and contains two ORFs: one encodes a 17-kDa nonstructural protein, and the other encodes a 106-kDa polyprotein (pVP2-VP4-VP3) that is proteolytically processed by VP4 (a serine-lysine protease also called NS) to form the main structural constituents of the viral particle (Duncan & Dobos, 1986;Duncan et al, 1987;Pedersen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Birnaviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

RNA viruses in the sea

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Viruses are ubiquitous in the sea and appear to outnumber all other forms of marine life by at least an order of magnitude. Through selective infection, viruses influence nutrient cycling, community structure, and evolution in the ocean. Over the past 20 years we have learned a great deal about the diversity and ecology of the viruses that constitute the marine virioplankton, but until recently the emphasis has been on DNA viruses. Along with expanding knowledge about RNA viruses that infect important marine animals, recent isolations of RNA viruses that infect single-celled eukaryotes and molecular analyses of the RNA virioplankton have revealed that marine RNA viruses are novel, widespread, and genetically diverse. Discoveries in marine RNA virology are broadening our understanding of the biology, ecology, and evolution of viruses, and the epidemiology of viral diseases, but there is still much that we need to learn about the ecology and diversity of RNA viruses before we can fully appreciate their contributions to the dynamics of marine ecosystems. As a step toward making sense of how RNA viruses contribute to the extraordinary viral diversity in the sea, we summarize in this review what is currently known about RNA viruses that infect marine organisms.

show abstract

Section: Birnaviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

RNA viruses in the sea

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Avibirnavirus and is a member of the family Birnaviridae (1,9,10). The genome of IBDV consists of two segments of doublestranded RNA, which are packaged in a nonenveloped icosahedral shell 60 nm in diameter.…”

Section: Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (Ibdv) Belongs To the Genusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Determinants of Virulence, Cell Tropism, and Pathogenic Phenotype of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

Brandt

Yao

Liu

et al. 2001

J Virol

216

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDVs), belonging to the family Birnaviridae, exhibit a wide range of immunosuppressive potential, pathogenicity, and virulence for chickens. The genomic segment A encodes all the structural (VP2, VP4, and VP3) and nonstructural proteins, whereas segment B encodes the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (VP1). To identify the molecular determinants for the virulence, pathogenic phenotype, and cell tropism of IBDV, we prepared full-length cDNA clones of a virulent strain, Irwin Moulthrop (IM), and constructed several chimeric cDNA clones of segments A and B between the attenuated vaccine strain (D78) and the virulent IM or GLS variant strain. Using the cRNA-based reverse-genetics system developed for IBDV, we generated five chimeric viruses after transfection by electroporation procedures in Vero or chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells, one of which was recovered after propagation in embryonated eggs. To evaluate the characteristics of the recovered viruses in vivo, we inoculated 3-week-old chickens with D78, IM, GLS, or chimeric viruses and analyzed their bursae for pathological lesions 3 days postinfection. Viruses in which VP4, VP4-VP3, and VP1 coding sequences of the virulent strain IM were substituted for the corresponding region in the vaccine strain failed to induce hemorrhagic lesions in the bursa. In contrast, viruses in which the VP2 coding region of the vaccine strain was replaced with the variant GLS or virulent IM strain caused rapid bursal atrophy or hemorrhagic lesions in the bursa, as seen with the variant or classical virulent strain, respectively. These results show that the virulence and pathogenic-phenotype markers of IBDV reside in VP2. Moreover, one of the chimeric viruses containing VP2 sequences of the virulent strain could not be recovered in Vero or CEF cells but was recovered in embryonated eggs, suggesting that VP2 contains the determinants for cell tropism. Similarly, one of the chimeric viruses containing the VP1 segment of the virulent strain could not be recovered in Vero cells but was recovered in CEF cells, suggesting that VP1 contains the determinants for cell-specific replication in Vero cells. By comparing the deduced amino acid sequences of the D78 and IM strains and their reactivities with monoclonal antibody 21, which binds specifically to virulent IBDV, the putative amino acids involved in virulence and cell tropism were identified. Our results indicate that residues Gln at position 253 (Gln253), Asp279, and Ala284 of VP2 are involved in the virulence, cell tropism, and pathogenic phenotype of virulent IBDV.

show abstract

“…Restrain of this disease is of major economical importance for the aquaculture industry. IPNV, like infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a member of the family Birnaviridae (Dobos et al, 1979;ICTVdB, 2009). It is the prototype species of the genus Aquabirnavirus (Hill and Way, 1995) and a common pathogenic microorganism in aquatic fauna world wide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay between infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and the IFN system: IFN signaling is inhibited by IPNV infection

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a major pathogen in the aquaculture industry worldwide. Factors contributing to IPNV pathogenicity are yet poorly understood. Indications of IPNV being able to evade or counteract innate host defense come from its lack of ability to induce strong type I interferon (IFN) responses in cell culture. We show here that addition of salmon rIFN-alpha1 to cells prior to IPNV infection halts the viral protein synthesis and prevents processing of pVP2 into mature VP2. Furthermore, compared to pre-treatment with IFN-alpha1 the antiviral state in cells infected with IPNV prior to IFN-treatment, was antagonized by IPNV, as detected by higher viral titers, faster viral protein synthesis and also by reduced Mx expression. The longer headstart the virus gets, the more prominent is the weakening of IFN signaling. IPNV VP4 and VP5 inhibit IFN-induced expression from the Mx promoter, indicating that these proteins contribute to the antagonistic effect.

show abstract

Biophysical and biochemical characterization of five animal viruses with bisegmented double-stranded RNA genomes

Cited by 498 publications

References 30 publications

RNA viruses in the sea

RNA viruses in the sea

Molecular Determinants of Virulence, Cell Tropism, and Pathogenic Phenotype of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

The interplay between infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and the IFN system: IFN signaling is inhibited by IPNV infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About