Biopesticide and formulation processes based on starch industrial wastewater fortified with soybean medium

Abstract

The aim of this study was to produce Bacillus thuringiensis based biopesticide using starch producing industry wastewater (SIW) fortified with soybean medium and optimize the formulated product using different adjuvants. This study was necessary as low endotoxin concentration is obtained in formulated biopesticide when SIW alone is used as fermentation medium. The fermentation runs were conducted using SIW alone and SIW fortified with 25% soybean (w/v) medium in 2000 L and 150 L bioreactor respectively. SIW supplemented with soybean medium showed an increase in cell count (from 1.95 x 10 8 CFU/mL to 1.65 x 10 9 CFU/mL), spore synthesis (from 1.5 x 10 8 CFU/mL to 1.35 x 10 9 CFU/mL) and endotoxin concentration (from 436 µg/mL to 1170 µg/mL) when compared to SIW medium alone. The fermented broth was concentrated using continuous centrifugation and adjuvants were added for biopesticide formulation in order to enhance its resistance against UV rays and rainfastness. Entomotoxicity of the formulation produced using fermented broth of SIW fortified with soybean (38000 IU/ µL) was higher than that obtained by SIW medium alone (21000 IU/ µL), commercial biopesticide Foray 76B (20000 IU/ µL) and Btk sander's (12500 IU/ µL).

The use of pesticides in Polish agriculture after integrated pest management (IPM) implementation

“…An important direction of the research are pro-ecological technologies and techniques for the production of plant protection products based on immobilization processes, using bio-renewable resources, etc. (Włodarczyk and Siwek 2017;Ndao et al 2020). Progress in toxicology, chemistry and biotechnology is being used (Chhipa 2017;Hazra and Purkait 2019;Slattery et al 2019).…”

“…Generally, a lot of original publications by authors from various scientific and research centres as well as literature reviews indicate a relationship between the use of plant protection products and the increased risk of developmental disorders, cancer diseases, etc. (Tayour et al 2019 ; Huang et al 2019 ; Han et al 2019 ; Sabarwal et al 2018 ; Zeng et al 2017 ; Narayan et al 2017 ; Egbuna et al 2020 ). Many papers also concern the safety of performing chemical plant protection treatments, including operator safety (Matthews 2008 ; Feola and Binder 2010 ; Damalas and Abdollahzadeh 2016 ).…”

An Alternative Source of Biopesticides and Improvement in Their Formulation—Recent Advances

“…Improvements in the formulation of biopesticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis using starch-producing industry wastewater could be successfully carried out with the addition of a soybean medium [100].…”

Biopesticide production using Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki by valorization of starch industry wastewater and effluent from aerobic, anaerobic digestion

“…When a medium is highly viscous, it does not provide optimally or required oxygen transfer, and the oxygen transfer coefficient (KLa) measurement shows a low oxygen transfer. As a result, bacterial cell growth, sporulation and endotoxin synthesis are affected [4,7].…”

“…The inherent cost of commercial medium for fermentation hinders the competitiveness of biopesticides compared to chemical pesticides and is also an obstacle to their commercialization. Thus, the food waste industry stream or wastewater treatment plants are alternatives to synthetic products [7]. Sewage sludge has been successfully used as a feedstock for the production of Bt biopesticides with lower process costs [8,9].…”