Bionanomaterials for bone tumor engineering and tumor destruction

Abstract

Recent advances have led to the development of multifunctional bionanomaterials that can target a bone tumor and deliver therapeutic drugs or genes. Bionanomaterial-based bone cancer treatment offers hope for treating bone cancer and provides many exciting possibilities to enable important new therapeutic outcomes. Physicists, chemists, engineers, biologists, and clinicians will continue to address research questions at the level of fundamental biology and science to develop novel biomaterials and systems, particularly enabling cost-effective and large-scale production of multifunctional nanomaterial systems.This review provides a comprehensive reflection of the recent advancements in bionanomaterials for use in bone cancer treatment. The review examines in detail different bionanomaterials (hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and nanometals, nanoscale conjugated copolymer, selenium and liposome) that have been researched and developed over the last six years for bone tissue engineering. It also discusses an important area of researchthe use of engineered bone scaffolds in cancer treatment. Recently, bone scaffolds have been identified as potential targets for metastatic spread as well as a means by which escape from tumor dormancy can be studied. This review also includes discussions of a highly potent new class of anticancer compounds, e.g., geminal bisphosphonates, that has been shown to have strong affinity towards various hydroxyapatite-based bone scaffolds with controlled adsorption and release for anticancer activity. Finally, perspectives on future directions in nanotechnology-enabled bone tumor treatment are presented.

Modification of Decellularized Goat-Lung Scaffold with Chitosan/Nanohydroxyapatite Composite for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

“…A composite biomaterial CS/nHAp is expected to show an increased osteoconductivity and biodegradation together with sufficient mechanical strength for orthopedic use due to the synergistic effect of chitosan and hydroxyapatite [34]. Therefore, the decellularized goat-lung scaffold was modified/crosslinked with CS/nHAp composite for making the scaffold suitable for bone tissue regeneration.…”

“…The better proliferation of osteoblasts over CS/nHAp-modified decellularized scaffold is believed to be due to higher attachment of osteoblasts, which might be due to the presence of chitosan, nHAp, and ECM of the decellularized scaffold. The synergistic effect of chitosan and nHAp [34] in the CS/nHAp-modified decellularized scaffold might have provided bone-like microenvironment to the osteoblast cells, which may also lead to an increase in osteoblast activity, including cell growth and proliferation. Surface composition (chitosan and nHAp) and roughness provided by CS/nHAp particle in the CS/nHAp-modified decellularized scaffold might have provided necessary chemical cues to the osteoblast cells, which are influenced in higher cell proliferation.…”

Cell-printed hierarchical scaffolds consisting of micro-sized polycaprolactone (PCL) and electrospun PCL nanofibers/cell-laden alginate struts for tissue regeneration

“…11 In other studies, silk scaffolds seeded with bone morphogenetic protein and bone marrow stromal cells were implanted into a model system of breast cancer metastasis to investigate the presence of metastases. 12,13 Several methods of scaffold fabrication (e.g., solvent casting, particle leaching, freeze-drying, electrospinning) have been developed. However, they have some limitations, such as low control over micro-internal pore structure, which plays an important role in the modeling of cell shape and expression of genes related to cell growth.…”

Recent Advances in Biomaterial Scaffolds for Integrative Tumor Therapy and Bone Regeneration

“…Malignant bone tumors are common diseases in clinical trials, such as chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma, [1] which always DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000212 bring great pain to patients with high mortality and high disability rate. Except for primary bone tumor, bone is also a frequent site of metastasis, which means several types of cancer could spread to the bone, especially prostate and breast cancer.…”