Biomordanting willow bark dye on cellulosic materials

Abstract

A semi-quantitative study of willow bark dye adsorption on two different cellulose materials using biomordants was carried out. The studied celluloses were microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) AaltoCell and regenerated Ioncell-F (IC) fibres. The dye was a hot water extract of willow bark and the adsorption to cellulose was carried out using carboxylic acid-containing biomordants, namely, oxalic acid, citric acid and tannic acid. Alum was employed as the reference mordant.A semi-quantitative estimation of the dye uptake was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode array detector and also by visual inspection, as well as an evaluation of the coloration using CIELab parameters. The mechanism of the dye adsorption on the cellulose surfaces was studied via Fourier Transform-infrared spectroscopy. According to the results, MCC had a higher affinity for polyphenolic dye than the regenerated cellulose fibres.Dye uptake on MCC was 50%-80% and 44%-57% on IC. For MCC, the biomordants improved the dye uptake more effectively than the control mordant, alum, whereas for IC the biomordants were less effective than alum.Päivi Laaksonen works as a principal research scientist at Häme University of Applied Sciences and leads a research team on long term durability of materials. She holds a M.Sc. (2005) and doctoral degree on physical chemistry and since the dissertation at Helsinki University of Technology (2008) she has worked as a senior scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and as an assistant professor of materials science at Aalto University, Finland. Laaksonen has studied a wide range of self-assembling nanomaterials including, for instance, metal nanoparticles and biological macromolecules. Currently her interests are applications of biobased materials in technical and textile materials.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. AbstractA semi-quantitative study of willow bark dye adsorption on two different cellulose materials using biomordants was carried out. The studied celluloses were microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) AaltoCell and regenerated Ioncell-F (IC) fibres. The dye was a hot water extract of willow bark and the adsorption to cellulose was carried out using carboxylic acid-containing biomordants, namely, oxalic acid, citric acid and tannic acid. Alum was employed as the reference mordant. A semi-quantitative

Inspired by nature: Fiber networks functionalized with tannic acid and condensed tannin-rich extracts of Norway spruce bark show antimicrobial efficacy

“…This study provides baseline knowledge and proof-of-concept for the further development of antimicrobial, biobased functional coatings, and protective materials by valorizing the side streams of forestry Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology frontiersin.org industries, focusing on the condensed tannin-rich extract of Norway spruce bark as a case study. Similar value-added phenolics can also be obtained from other wood species or plant biomasses, such as willows, as shown in our earlier study (Tienaho et al, 2021) and those by (Lohtander et al, 2020;Lohtander et al, 2021) Broad-acting antimicrobial materials may be created by impregnating antimicrobial compound(s) to different materials or binding those compounds as a covalent coating on a material(s) to prevent viral transmission by or through the handled materials (Kaczmarek, 2020). Research exists on the use of tannic acid in different materials (Halim et al, 2018;Ferreira Leite et al, 2021;Ulu et al, 2021), but to the best of our knowledge, no studies have been conducted on utilizing the condensed tannin-rich extract of Norway spruce to produce broadly acting antimicrobial tissue and paper materials (i.e., evidence against both virus and bacteria).…”

Bioactive Films from Willow Bark Extract and Nanocellulose Double Network Hydrogels

“…Recently, due to the growing interest in more sustainable ways of creating functional and active materials the research around plant polyphenols has emerged. Natural polyphenol complexes have been introduced for instance in sustainable packaging (Missio et al, 2018), biomedical applications (Zhang et al, 2020), superhydrophobic materials (Wang et al, 2021), adhesives (Moubarik et al, 2009), preservatives in wood products (Tondi et al, 2013a), water purification (Sánchez-Martín et al, 2011), and as natural dyes (Lohtander et al, 2019). Polyphenols can be feasibly derived from existing, abundant side-streams of forest industry, such as tree barks, which are currently underutilized and often burned for energy production (Pietarinen et al, 2006;Feng et al, 2013;Ajao et al, 2021).…”

Indian dye yielding plants: Efforts and opportunities

“…The most common non‐metallic mordants are tannins and tannic acid, but metal hyper‐accumulating plants and chlorophylls have also been applied (Guesmi, Ladhari, Ben Hamadi, & Sakli, 2012; Moiteiro, Gaspar, Rodrigues, Lopes, & Carnide, 2008 ). Some effective bio mordants were reported by many workers such as oxalic acid and citric acid (Lohtander, Arola, & Laaksonen, 2020); Acacia catechu (Yusuf, Mohammad, Shabbir, & Khan, 2016) and Eurya acuminate (Vankar & Shankar, 2008). Oil mordants – oil mordants make a complex with the alum used in mordanting treatment.…”