Biomineralization of poly‐l‐lactide spongy bone scaffolds obtained by freeze‐extraction method

Abstract

Implants in the form of polymer scaffolds are commonly used to regenerate bone tissue after traumas or tooth extractions. However, few implant formation methods enable building polymer scaffolds allowing to reconstruct larger bone losses without immune response. Spacious, porous poly‐l‐lactide implants with considerable volume were obtained using the phase inversion method with the freeze‐extraction variant. The calcium phosphate (CaP) coating was deposited on implant surfaces with the biomimetic method to improve the implant's osteoconductivity. The substitues morphology was characterized—porosity, size and shape of pores; mechanical properties, mass absorbability of implants before and after mineralization. The characteristics were provided with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), static compression test and hydrostatic weighing, respectively. The presence of CaPs in the entire volume of the implant was confirmed with SEM and infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR). The biocompatibility of scaffolds was confirmed with in vitro quantitative test and microscopic observations. The obtained results show that the implants can be used in tissue engineering as a vehicle of platelet‐rich plasma to regenerate critical spongy bone losses.

Aminolysis of Various Aliphatic Polyesters in a Form of Nanofibers and Films

“…The interactions between scaffolds and cells are determined primarily by surface properties of materials, such as roughness and topography, chemical structure and functional groups, types and density of electrical charges, balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, and surface free energy [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. To date, many methods have been proposed to induce changes of the surface physico-chemical properties in a way that makes it attractive for a specific application [10].…”

Poly‐L‐lactide scaffolds with super pores obtained by freeze‐extraction method

“…The majority of EE100 signals in the scaffold material was overlapped by PLLA signals. Signals characteristic for PLLA were described in our previous paper (Budnicka, Szymaniak, et al, 2019). Briefly, they are: CO stretching vibrations (1,748 cm −1 ), CH stretching vibrations (1,454 cm −1 ), CH bending vibrations (1,359–1,382 cm −1 ).…”

“…Cylinders were trimmed with a scalpel to the height of 7 mm off the inside of the scaffold. Static compression conditions are presented in the paper by Budnicka, Szymaniak, Kolbuk, Ruskowski, and Gadomska‐Gajadhur (2019). The Young's modulus was determined as a tangent modulus of a straight‐line section of the curve showing the relation between tension and deformation.…”

“…Biological studies were performed using human osteoblasts MG63 (Sigma‐Aldrich ATTC). Tests were done using a previously developed procedure (Budnicka, Szymaniak, et al, 2019), briefly described below.…”

Original method of imprinting pores in scaffolds for tissue engineering

“…46 All the mentioned characteristics make biodegradable synthetic scaffolds very popular. [47][48][49][50] The purpose of these studies was to obtain biodegradable scaffolds for the cultures of chondrocytes. 51 Scaffolds that were obtained should be characterized by a unique, three-dimensional spatial structure enabling proper differentiation of cells.…”