Biomineralization and Successive Regeneration of Engineered Living Building Materials

Heveran, Chelsea M.; Williams, S.; Qiu, Jishen; Artier, Juliana; Hubler, Mija H.; Cook, Sherri M.; Cameron, Jeffrey C.; Srubar, Wil V.

doi:10.1016/j.matt.2019.11.016

Cited by 146 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The reduced MICP efficiency at gel/sand = 0.30 specimens is associated with their microstructural failure mode. Several biotic groups exhibit significantly higher mechanical properties compared with our original prototypes in terms of compressive strength (4.82 ± 0.09 MPa of Group 4-1 versus 3.31 ± 0.25 MPa of the prototype), flexural strength (2.77 ± 0.36 MPa of Group 7-2 versus 2.18 ± 0.18 MPa of the prototype), and fracture energy (1,078 ± 77 N/m of Group 9-2 versus 268 ± 31 N/m of the prototype) ( Heveran et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, three MICP pathways were included. The first was similar to the MICP pathway used in our LBM prototype ( Heveran et al., 2020 ), i.e., the cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 (referred to as Synechococcus in the following discussion) growing and inducing MICP as a result of the CO 2 -concentrating mechanism (CCM) ( Jansson and Northen, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Recently, a novel cement-free living building material (LBM) was developed by the authors, which allows complete material recycling ( Heveran et al., 2020 ). It relies on a bacteria-inoculated “scaffold” made of desiccated gelatin hydrogel to bind sand aggregates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCC 7002, is presumably not as robust as other bacteria because it does not form spores. It only remained viable if the environmental temperature was low (4°C) and the relative humidity (RH) was high (>50%); yet under the ambient temperature (20°C) and relative humidity (24%), there were no viable cells due to the desiccation of the hydrogel (water loss of about 80%) ( Heveran et al., 2020 ). In addition, the mechanical properties of the LBM were lower than those of conventional cementitious materials used in load-bearing applications (i.e., concrete).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engineering living building materials for enhanced bacterial viability and mechanical properties

et al. 2021

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Summary Living building materials (LBMs) utilize microorganisms to produce construction materials that exhibit mechanical and biological properties. A hydrogel-based LBM containing bacteria capable of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) was recently developed. Here, LBM design factors, i.e., gel/sand ratio, inclusion of trehalose, and MICP pathways, are evaluated. The results show that non-saturated LBM (gel/sand = 0.13) and gel-saturated LBM (gel/sand = 0.30) underwent distinct failure modes. The inclusion of trehalose maintains bacterial viability under ambient conditions with low relative humidity, without affecting mechanical properties of the LBM. Comparison of biotic and abiotic LBM shows that MICP efficiency in this material is subject to the pathway selected: the LBM with heterotrophic ureolytic Escherichia coli demonstrated the most mechanical enhancement from the abiotic controls, compared with either ureolytic or CO 2 -concentrating mechanisms from Synechococcus . The study shows that tailoring of LBM properties can be accomplished in a manner that considers both LBM microstructure and MICP pathways.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engineering living building materials for enhanced bacterial viability and mechanical properties

et al. 2021

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“…Engineered (bio)mineralization or ureolysis‐induced calcium carbonate precipitation (UICP) techniques (Equation [1]) have been an increasingly popular area of research for use in ground improvement, construction materials, remediation, and subsurface applications 1‐8 . In fact, ground improvement with mineralization strategies has been studied extensively resulting in a new field of study described as bio‐mediated geotechnics 2,9‐13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature‐dependent inactivation and catalysis rates of plant‐based ureases for engineered biomineralization

Feder

Akyel

Morasko

et al. 2020

Engineering Reports

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Engineered (bio)mineralization uses the enzyme urease to catalyze the hydrolysis of urea to promote carbonate mineral precipitation. The current study investigates the influence of temperature on ureolysis rate and degree of inactivation of plant‐sourced ureases over a range of environmentally relevant temperatures. Batch experiments at 30°C demonstrated that jack bean meal (JBM) has a 1.7 to 56 times higher activity (844 μmol urea hydrolyzed g−1 JBM min−1) than the other tested plant‐sourced ureases (soybean, pigeon pea and cottonseed). Hence, ureolysis and enzyme inactivation rates were evaluated for JBM at temperatures between 20°C and 80°C. A combined first‐order urea hydrolysis and first‐order enzyme inactivation model described the inactivation of urease over the investigated range of temperatures. The temperature‐dependent rate coefficients (kurea) increased with temperature and ranged from 0.0018 at 20°C to 0.0249 L g−1 JBM min−1 at 80°C; JBM urease became ≥50% inactivated in as little as 5.2 minutes at 80°C and in as long as 2238 minutes at 50°C. The combined urea hydrolysis kinetics and enzyme inactivation model provides a mathematical relationship useful for the design of biomineralization technologies and can be incorporated into reactive transport models.

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Bioprinting of Regenerative Photosynthetic Living Materials

Balasubramanian

Meyer

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Living materials, which are fabricated by encapsulating living biological cells within a non‐living matrix, have gained increasing attention in recent years. Their fabrication in spatially defined patterns that are mechanically robust is essential for their optimal functional performance but is difficult to achieve. Here, a bioprinting technique employing environmentally friendly chemistry to encapsulate microalgae within an alginate hydrogel matrix is reported. The bioprinted photosynthetic structures adopt pre‐designed geometries at millimeter‐scale resolution. A bacterial cellulose substrate confers exceptional advantages to this living material, including strength, toughness, flexibility, robustness, and retention of physical integrity against extreme physical distortions. The bioprinted materials possess sufficient mechanical strength to be self‐standing, and can be detached and reattached onto different surfaces. Bioprinted materials can survive stably for a period of at least 3 days without nutrients, and their life can be further extended by transferring them to a fresh source of nutrients within this timeframe. These bioprints are regenerative, that is, they can be reused and expanded to print additional living materials. The fabrication of the bioprinted living materials can be readily up‐scaled (up to ≥70 cm × 20 cm), highlighting their potential product applications including artificial leaves, photosynthetic bio‐garments, and adhesive labels.

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Biomineralization and Successive Regeneration of Engineered Living Building Materials

Cited by 146 publications

References 41 publications

Engineering living building materials for enhanced bacterial viability and mechanical properties

Engineering living building materials for enhanced bacterial viability and mechanical properties

Temperature‐dependent inactivation and catalysis rates of plant‐based ureases for engineered biomineralization

Bioprinting of Regenerative Photosynthetic Living Materials

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