Biomineralization and Biomimetic Synthesis of Biomineral and Nanomaterials

Abstract

IntroductionBiominerals and biomaterials with unique microstructure are mainly consisted of organic and inorganic materials, and exhibit excellent biological and mechanical properties. The formation mechanism of biomineral indicated that the organic matrixes have an important influence on the morphology and structure of the inorganic matrix material in the process of biomineralization. However, the biomineralization mechanism research of biomineral is still in the initial stage, many phenomena need to be further explored, such as the effect of organisms on the different morphologies and polymorphs of biominerals, the biomineralization mechanism of the formation process of the biomineral in the existence of organic matter. Biomineralization and biomimetic synthesis of biomineral and nanomaterials have been receiving considerable attention. Biomineralization is the formation process of mineral by organisms. Biomimetic synthesis is simulation of biomineralization, using the mechanism of biomineralization, to achieve biomineral and materials with special structure and function. In a word, biomimetic synthesis is learning from the mineralization of organisms and learning from nature. Therefore, we should understand the concepts, process, and mechanism of biomineralization, which was briefly reviewed in section one. Biomineral including calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite (HA), calcium silicate, calcium carbonate, and calcium sulfate, are important calcium-based inorganic biodegradable materials and have been widely used in biomedical field. Biomineralization is the mineralization of biomineral. Biomimetic synthesis was first used in the fabrication of biomineral. So it is necessary to provide an overview of the biomimetic synthesis of biomineral. This chapter summarizes our recent endeavors on the biomimetic synthesis of biomineral including HA, calcium silicate, CaCO 3 , BaCO 3 , and SrCO 3 , etc. Biomineral synthesis includes morphology, structure, and function biomineral synthesis. It is well known that the structure determines property and the morphology is the external display of structure. Here, we intend to review recent progress in biomineral synthesis of other nanomaterials.

Porous Inorganic Carriers Based on Silica, Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Phosphate for Controlled/Modulated Drug Delivery: Fresh Outlook and Future Perspectives

“…It was shown that increase of the pH value to 7–11 leads to the precipitation of calcium carbonate in the vaterite modification [115]. Moreover, addition of various inorganic [101,114,116] and organic substances [6,98,103,111,117,118] containing carboxylic, hydroxyl, carboxylate, phosphonate, sulfonate and amino groups induces vaterite particle formation. By changing the concentration of additive, molecular weight and the amount of functional groups the growth rate, crystal habit and stability, particle size and surface morphology can be controlled (Figure 5).…”

Development of luminescent atacamite nanoclusters for bioimaging and photothermal applications

“…Biomimetic mineralization simulates the natural biomineralization process in the aqueous environment and produces biominerals with controlled shape, size, morphology, and properties by synergistic combination of organic and inorganic substances [43]. Several biominerals or inorganic nanomaterials based on Ca, Fe, Si, Ba, Ag, Au, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu have been successfully synthesized at lab-scale by mimicking a natural biomineralization process with the help of various templates e.g.…”

“…Several biominerals or inorganic nanomaterials based on Ca, Fe, Si, Ba, Ag, Au, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu have been successfully synthesized at lab-scale by mimicking a natural biomineralization process with the help of various templates e.g. protein, nucleotides, fungi, bacteria, plant extract etc [42][43][44][45]. Plant extract, rich in polyphenolics and flavonoid substances, are widely used in the area of nanotechnology as a stabilizing, nucleating and reducing agents because the hydroxyl group of polyphenols has a good affinity towards metals ions [46].…”

Иммобилизация Фотодитазина На Пористых Частицах Ватерита И Исследование Стабильности Системы В Модельных Средах

“…Системы доставки активных веществ на основе частиц карбоната кальция в отличие от многих других систем на основе неорганических носителей могут выводиться из организма за счет растворения частиц в кислой среде, например биологических жидкостях, фагоцитах, лизосомах, раковых клетках [9]. Более того, утверждается, что ионы кальция после растворения частиц СаСО 3 в организме могут участвовать в процессах формирования костной ткани, не вызывая нежелательной кальцификации [10]. Это позволяет рассматривать частицы СаСО 3 в качестве потенциальных перспективных носителей биологически активных веществ.…”