Biomimetic surface modification of titanium surfaces for early cell capture by advanced electrospinning

Abstract

The time required for osseointegration with a metal implant having a smooth surface ranges from three to six months. We hypothesized that biomimetic coating surfaces with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/collagen fibers and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) on the implant would enhance the adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells. Therefore, this surface modification of dental and bone implants might enhance the process of osseointegration. In this study, we coated PLGA or PLGA/collagen (50:50 w/w ratio) fiber on Ti disks by modified electrospinning for 5 s to 2 min; after that, we further deposited n-HA on the fibers. PLGA fibers of fiber diameter 0.957 ± 0.357 µm had a contact angle of 9.9 ± 0.3° and PLGA/collagen fibers of fiber diameter 0.378 ± 0.068 µm had a contact angle of 0°. Upon n-HA incorporation, all the fibers had a contact angle of 0° owing to the hydrophilic nature of n-HA biomolecule. The cell attachment efficiency was tested on all the scaffolds for different intervals of time (10, 20, 30 and 60 min). The alkaline phosphatase activity, cell proliferation and mineralization were analyzed on all the implant surfaces on days 7, 14 and 21. Results of the cell adhesion study indicated that the cell adhesion was maximum on the implant surface coated with PLGA/collagen fibers deposited with n-HA compared to the other scaffolds. Within a short span of 60 min, 75% of the cells adhered onto the mineralized PLGA/collagen fibers. Similarly by day 21, the rate of cell proliferation was significantly higher (p ⩽ 0.05) on the mineralized PLGA/collagen fibers owing to enhanced cell adhesion on these fibers. This enhanced initial cell adhesion favored higher cell proliferation, differentiation and mineralization on the implant surface coated with mineralized PLGA/collagen fibers.

Cardiogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on elastomeric poly (glycerol sebacate)/collagen core/shell fibers

“…The cell proliferation results as shown in Figure 4, we observed that the MSC and co-culture cells adhesion and proliferation were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher on day 10 and day 15 on PGS/collagen scaffold compared to the TCP. This was because of the nanofibrous scaffold which resembles the ECM and thereby provides necessary cues, promoting cell proliferation and differentiation as discussed in our previous studies [46][47][48][49] . Moreover, studies have reported that cardiomyocyte adhesion and organization into a contractile tissue have been far superior on natural scaffolds compared to synthetic scaffolds [50] .…”

Physicochemical Properties and Applications of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) for Use in Bone Regeneration

“…Moreover, PLGA is most often used in combination other ceramic or polymeric materials that interact with PLGA, thereby enhancing the difficulty to draw unambiguous conclusions on the specific effects of physicochemical characteristics of PLGA on ultimate performance in bone regeneration. In this regard, it is important to notice that relevant information on, for example, polymer molecular weight, [30][31][32][33][34][35] stereochemistry, [31][32][33][34] or end-group functionalization, [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] are often missing, which complicates scientific progress even further.…”

“…4). Similar to PLGA scaffolds, PLGA electrospun fibers can also be used in bone tissue engineering in blends with natural polymers such as elastin, gelatin, and collagen, [48][49][50] 51 or diamond nanoparticles 52 to form composite fibers of improved functionality.…”

Proliferation and stemness preservation of human adipose-derived stem cells by surface-modified in situ TiO2 nanofibrous surfaces

“…15,16 Both criteria are reported to be closely related to the surface topography of the implants since the clinical success of any implant depends on the interaction between the surface of the implant and the surrounding tissue. 17 Indeed, it has been proven in recent studies that nanotopography is the main influencing factor, rather than the conventional microtopography. 18 A number of promising results with enhanced cellular behavior were reported on nanostructured surfaces as compared to the conventional microstructured surfaces.…”