Biomimetic Scaffolds Modulate the Posttraumatic Inflammatory Response in Articular Cartilage Contributing to Enhanced Neoformation of Cartilaginous Tissue In Vivo

Abstract

Focal chondral lesions of the knee are the most frequent type of trauma in younger patients and are associated with a high risk of developing early posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The only current clinical solutions include microfracture, osteochondral grafting, and autologous chondrocyte implantation. Cartilage tissue engineering based on biomimetic scaffolds has become an appealing strategy to repair cartilage defects. Here, a chondrogenic collagen-chondroitin sulfate scaffold is tested in an orthotopic Lapine in vivo model to understand the beneficial effects of the immunomodulatory biomaterial on the full chondral defect. Using a combination of noninvasive imaging techniques, histological and whole transcriptome analysis, the scaffolds are shown to enhance the formation of cartilaginous tissue and suppression of host cartilage degeneration, while also supporting tissue integration and increased tissue regeneration over a 12 weeks recovery period. The results presented suggest that biomimetic materials could be a clinical solution for cartilage tissue repair, due to their ability to modulate the immune environment in favor of regenerative processes and suppression of cartilage degeneration.

Structural Strength Analyses for Low Brass Filler Biomaterial with Anti-Trauma Effects in Articular Cartilage Scaffold Design

“…Over the last few decades, researchers and scientists have attempted to fulfil the demands [1] of osteoarthritic patients [2,3] with an articular cartilage scaffold [4,5] equipped with requisite strength [6,7], cell growth factors [8][9][10], and anti-inflammatory properties [11,12]. Unfortunately, they invented biomaterials, such as hydrogels and their derivatives, that were equipped with the carriers of cell growth factors [13] and anti-inflammatory properties [14] but without the requisite strengths [15].…”

“…Some finite element and experimental research had been conducted on mechanical strengths, such as tensile and compressive strengths, for scaffold structural support [6,7]. Some in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo studies [12,19,25,26] had been conducted on cell viability [27] based on the scaffold structure's properties [23]. The harder and softer materials had lower and higher stresses, respectively [28], resulting in the failure of the softer material under higher stress [29].…”

Research progress of self-assembling peptide hydrogels in repairing cartilage defects

“…A 3D ECM-like scaffold structure can be constructed by using cells, scaffold materials, growth factors, etc. It is propitious to recruitment, proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of chondrocytes and MSCs, thus promoting the repair of damaged cartilage (Bauza-Mayol et al, 2022;Mao et al, 2022;Yang et al, 2022). Among them, SAPHs offer significant advantages and application possibilities.…”

Drug/bioactive eluting chitosan composite foams for osteochondral tissue engineering

“…to enhance osteoinduction and support self-healing is an exciting area of research in bone tissue engineering [10][11][12][13][14]. Both cellular and acellular scaffolds are used as templates to support the new tissue formation [15][16][17][18][19]. Tissue scaffolds with biomimetic microarchitectures/mechanics support the adhesion and proliferation of native cells and subsequent formation of the ECM [20][21][22][23][24].…”