Biomimetic oligopeptide formed enamel-like tissue and dentin tubule occlusion via mineralization for dentin hypersensitivity treatment

Abstract

Objective: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common oral disease with approximately 41.9% prevalence. Reconstruction of dental hard tissues is the preferred treatment for relieving DH. Here, we applied biomineralization method using oligopeptide simulating cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) to regenerate hard tissues on demineralized dentin. Methods: The self-assembly and biomineralization property of the oligopeptide were detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), circular dichroism spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Oligopeptide’s binding capacity to demineralized dentin was evaluated by SEM and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Remineralization was characterized using SEM, ATR-FTIR, X-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation. Oligopeptide’s biocompatibility was evaluated using periodontal ligament cells. Results: Oligopeptides self-assembled into nano-matrix and templated mineral precursor formation within 24 h. Moreover, oligopeptide nano-matrix bound firmly on demineralized dentin and resisted water rinsing. Then, bound nano-matrix served as a template to initiate nucleation and transformation of hydroxyapatite on demineralized dentin. After 96 h, oligopeptide nano-matrix regenerated an enamel-like tissue layer with a thickness of 15.35 μm, and regenerated crystals occluded dentin tubules with a depth of 31.27 μm. Furthermore, the oligopeptide nano-matrix had good biocompatibility when co-cultured with periodontal ligament cells. Conclusions: This biomimetic oligopeptide simulating CEMP1 effectively induced remineralization and reconstructed hard tissues on demineralized dentin, providing a potential biomaterial for DH treatment.

Guidelines derived from biomineralized tissues for design and construction of high-performance biomimetic materials: from weak to strong

“…The roles of templates in the biomimetic mineralization include controlling the shape and size of inorganic structures, chemo-selectivity for inorganic synthesis, inorganic localization, and higher-order assembly. 592 Natural templates such as teeth and bone are often used to mediate the mineralization process to form BMT-like structures, for example, teeth, 554,[594][595][596] demineralized bone, 597 wood, 555 cartilage, 598 and fish scales. 599 Liu et al 554 reported the preparation of continuously structured inorganic materials by crosslinking ionic oligomers.…”

Biomimetic Enamel Regeneration Using Self-Assembling Peptide P11-4

“…If the P 11 -4 complex, formed through the self-assembly of the oligomeric β-sheet-forming peptides, exhibits a similar acicular shape, nanometric size, and crystallinity to natural enamel, it can be considered biomimetic. This biomimetic nature allows the P 11 -4 complex to closely resemble the mineral structure of enamel and potentially support the regeneration and remineralization of dental hard tissues [ 21 ].…”