Although iso-BMI was associated with dental caries prevalence and severity, the association between caries increment and iso-BMI did not reach a statistical significance. Overweight/obese children however acquired more additional carious lesions during the follow-up period than children with low-normal weight.

Preventive treatment approaches for primary dentition in Germany need further improvement by focusing on high caries-risk groups, as specialized pediatric dentistry bears the great burden of providing oral rehabilitations under GA in young children.

The recent understanding of the etiology and pathology of dental caries has shifted its treatment from invasive drill and fill conventional strategies to noninvasive and/or minimally invasive approaches. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a well-established therapeutic approach in medicine and periodontal and oral surgery. Recently, the concept of biomimetic regeneration has been further expanded to treat the loss of hard dental tissues. Self-assembling peptides have emerged as a promising biomaterial for biomimetic regeneration due to their ability to construct a protein scaffold in the body of early carious lesions and provide a matrix that promotes remineralization. This review article accompanies the development of self-assembling peptide P11-4 for the treatment of initial carious lesions. In vitro and in vivo studies on the safety, clinical applicability, and efficacy of P11-4 are discussed. Furthermore, different treatment options and potential areas of application are presented.