Biomimetic Nanopillar-Based Biosensor for Label-Free Detection of Influenza A Virus

Abstract

Since the first emergence of influenza viruses, they have caused the flu seasonally worldwide. Precise detection of influenza viruses is required to prevent the spreading of the disease. Herein, we developed an optical biosensor using peptide-immobilized nanopillar structures for the label-free detection of influenza viruses. The spin-on-glass nanopillar structures were fabricated by nanoimprint lithography. A sialic acid-mimic peptide, which can specifically bind to hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus, was immobilized onto the nanopillars via polymerized dopamine. The constructed nanopillar sensor enabled us to detect influenza A viruses in the range of 10 3 –10 5 plaque-forming units through simple measurements of reflectance. Our findings suggest that biomimetic modification of nanopillar structures can be an alternative method for the immunodiagnosis of influenza viruses.

Veni, Vidi, Vici: Immobilized Peptide-Based Conjugates as Tools for Capture, Analysis, and Transformation

“…Analytical applications of nanoparticle-conjugated peptides include the detection of various molecules, from metal ions to proteins. The sample enrichment, very frequently observed in the case of solid-phase immobilization, is limited to the sensors based on surface modification [174], making the combination of capture and derivatization common for both approaches [175]. The magnetic nanoparticles, due to the additional separation feature, could be used in the preparation of electrodes for complex matrices, such as whole blood [176], since immunosensors with multilayer electrodes are gaining interest resulting in several papers with a title "Recent Advances in Electrochemical Immunosensors" [177][178][179].…”

“…This relatively new area of research leaves some important questions still open, mostly concerning long-term toxicity, biodistribution, and environmental impact. Addressing these problems, as well as developing novel nanostructural solutions, is the only path available from well-studied analytical applications to biological effects and diagnostic tools [174,202]. The challenges waiting on this pathway involve scale and costs of nanoparticle production, the control over the load stability, long-term physiological impact studies, and the validation of analytical nanoparticle systems.…”

Nanomaterials for virus sensing and tracking

“…368 The SiO 2 NPs–MIP nanocomposites show more than 95% cell viability after 24 hours and are therefore ideal for in vitro virus detection. 369,370 Silicon nanorods 371 and fouling-based silicon nanomembranes 372 have also been recently explored for virus detection although the use of these materials is not yet common due to scarce literature in the field. Silicon nanomembranes have an advantage over PCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection since they can selectively recognize intact virions thus differentiating between diseased and recently recovered individuals.…”

Highly Adsorptive Au-TiO2 Nanocomposites for the SERS Face Mask Allow the Machine-Learning-Based Quantitative Assay of SARS-CoV-2 in Artificial Breath Aerosols

“…In other words, the fast emission velocity of such aerosols (2–10 m/s) substantially deters effective adsorption onto a substrate. While conventional SERS substrates with assorted nanostructures − and nanoparticles , display highly packed geometries for enhanced electromagnetic hotspots, they often result in low surface energy that is inefficient for aerosol adsorption. As a result, hotspot-rich SERS substrates with high surface energies are still in need of efficient capture and facile preconcentration of respiratory aerosols.…”