“…For alkaline HER, the adsorption of H 2 O, OH – , and H + play a crucial role in promoting the kinetics of the catalytic process. The weak gravitational force between the catalyst and the H 2 O molecule or the strong adsorption of OH – retarded the Volmer step, slowed down the proton supply, and resulted in slow kinetics. , The theoretical voltage of OER is 1.23 V, and the reaction process is more complex than HER. Among them, the breaking of the O–H bond and the formation of the O–O bond require high energy to overcome the kinetic energy barrier and drive the reaction, which is considered to be the rate-limiting step in electrocatalytic water decomposition. , Therefore, in practical applications, reducing the overpotential in the HER/OER is a difficult problem to overcome.…”