Biometry of eyes in type 1 diabetes

Abstract

This is a comprehensive study of a large range of biometric and optical parameters in people with type 1 diabetes. The parameters of 74 people with type 1 diabetes and an age matched control group were assessed. Most of the people with diabetes had low levels of neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy. Marginal or no significant differences were found between groups for corneal shape, corneal thickness, pupil size, and pupil decentrations. Relative to the control group, the diabetes group demonstrated smaller anterior chamber depths, more curved lenses, greater lens thickness and lower lens equivalent refractive index. While the optics of diabetic eyes make them appear as older eyes than those of people of the same age without diabetes, the differences did not increase significantly with age. Age-related changes in the optics of the eyes of people with diabetes need not be accelerated if the diabetes is well controlled. U. K. 102(3), 359-363 (1982). 32. J. Cavallerano, "A review of non-retinal ocular complications of diabetes mellitus," J. Am. Optom. Assoc. 61(7), 533-543 (1990). 33. S. Moss, R. Klein, and B. Klein, "Accommodative ability in younger-onset diabetes," Arch. Ophthalmol. 105(4), 508-512 (1987). 34. M. Spafford and J. Lovasik, "Clinical evaluation of ocular and visual functions in insulin-dependent juvenile diabetics," Am. J. Optom. Physiol. Opt. 63(7), 505-519 (1986). 35. S. Yamamoto, E. Adachi-Usami, and N. Kuroda, "Accommodation power determined with transient pattern visual evoked cortical potentials in diabetes," Doc. Ophthalmol. 72(1), 31-37 (1989

Straylight, lens yellowing and aberrations of eyes in Type 1 diabetes

“…Previously, we have reported differences in ocular biometric parameters between a group of DM1 participants and an age-balanced control group [2]. In the further tests reported here, we also find differences such that the eyes of diabetic people looked like aged variations of normal eyes.…”

“…The significant age-related changes in ocular vertical comas for both groups (Fig. 3(b)) might be related to changes in the pupil centration with age, but previously we did not find significant age-related changes with these for either group [2]. It is generally understood that the aberrations of the eye increase with age, as represented by HORMS, although such changes were not marked in the few studies in which there was control for the refraction distribution [36,37].…”

“…Analyses have already been described [2]. They included Kolmogorov-Smirnov and ShapiroWilk tests to determine normality of data, the Student unpaired t-test and the chi-square test to determine significance of differences between diabetes and control groups, multiple regression analysis to model influences of age and diabetes duration, linear regression fits of a parameter as a function of age, and ANCOVA analysis to determine the significance of differences in linear regression slopes between diabetes and control groups.…”

“…Most participants were part of the Longitudinal Assessment of Neuropathy in Diabetes using novel ophthalmic Markers (LANDMark) study [27] at the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, for which the DM1 participants tended to have low levels of neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy, and their diabetes was well controlled. Details of clinical tests, selection of eye, and exclusion criteria are given elsewhere [2].…”

“…We have previously reported ocular biometry and amplitude of accommodation of a group of people with type 1 diabetes (DM1) in comparison with controls [1,2]. Generally, the eyes of people with DM1 behaved liked aged versions of eyes of people without diabetes, although there were no accelerated rates of change of parameters with age compared with the controls.…”