Biometry and trophodynamics of Salpa thompsoni foxton (Tunicata: Thaliacea) near the Antarctic Peninsula in austral summer, 1983?1984

Huntley, Mark E.; Sykes, Paul F.; Marı́n, Victor H.

doi:10.1007/bf00238291

Cited by 100 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The length of fish and cephalopods was estimated by the use of otolith or dentary length and lower rostral length, respectively. To estimate the composition by mass of the diet, the body mass of crustaceans, fish, cephalopods and other organisms was estimated from body length using published relationships (Adams & Klages 1987, Hindell 1988, Mizdalski 1988, Huntley et al 1989, Williams & McEldowney 1990, Ridoux 1994 and our own equations. Where equations for certain species were not available, estimates were made from equations for closely related species or for species with a similar morphology.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and feeding ecology of blue petrels Halobaena caerulea at Iles Kerguelen, Southern Indian Ocean

Cherel¹,

Bocher²,

Trouvé³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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ABSTRACT:The food and feeding ecology of the blue petrel Halobaena caerulea was investigated over 4 consecutive chick-rearing periods at Iles Kerguelen. In all years, blue petrels fed on a large diversity of crustaceans and fish, with a small proportion of squid and other organisms. Crustaceans ranked first by number (98%) and second by reconstituted mass (37%). The hyperiid Themisto gaudichaudii and the euphausiid Thysanoessa sp. were the dominant prey items, accounting each for 42% by number, and for 12 and 4% by mass of the diet, respectively. Other important crustacean prey were the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba (2% by number and 10% by mass) and the large shrimp Pasiphaea scotiae (<1 and 5%, respectively). Fish were minor items by number (<1%) but, owing to their large size, they dominated the diet by reconstituted mass (57%). Mesopelagic fish of the families Myctophidae (14% by mass) and Melamphaidae (12%) were the main fish prey together with the gempylid Paradiplospinus gracilis (19%). Adult blue petrels use a 2-fold foraging strategy, performing short trips (ST, 2 d on average) and long trips (LT, 7 d) during the chick-rearing period. Birds fed more on T. gaudichaudii during ST and more on Thysanoessa sp. during LT. The subantarctic krill Euphausia vallentini were found in ST samples, and Antarctic krill and stomach oil were found in LT samples. Biogeography of the prey shows that blue petrels fed in a wide variety of marine habitats. During ST, they foraged in the kelp belt and over the shelf, but favoured oceanic waters in the vicinity of the archipelago. During LT, the occurrence of Antarctic krill indicates feeding in southern Antarctic waters, >1000 km from the breeding colonies, but blue petrels also foraged on their way back to Iles Kerguelen from these distant foraging grounds to feed their chicks. A comparison of the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of chick and adult feathers reveals that adult blue petrels fed at the same trophic level during the chick-rearing and moulting period, and that they renew their flight feathers in Antarctic waters. KEY WORDS: Euphausia superba · Mesopelagic fish · Seabirds · Stable carbon isotopes · Stable nitrogen isotopes · Themisto gaudichaudii · Thysanoessa Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher INTRODUCTIONThe blue petrel Halobaena caerulea is a small procellariiform species that is taxonomically closely related to the prions (genus Pachyptila). It is the sole member of the genus and inhabits the subantarctic and Antarctic zones of the Southern Ocean (Warham 1990). The species is circumpolar and nests colonially in burrows at 6 locations close to the Antarctic polar front. The main population of blue petrels is in the southern Indian Ocean and at Diego Ramirez (Chile) with smaller numbers at Macquarie and South Georgia (Marchant & Higgins 1990). At Iles Kerguelen, the species is numerous (100 000 to 200 000 pairs), and it breeds sympatrically with 3 different prion species: the fairy prion P. turtur a...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and feeding ecology of blue petrels Halobaena caerulea at Iles Kerguelen, Southern Indian Ocean

Cherel¹,

Bocher²,

Trouvé³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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show abstract

“…1d,e) are from trawls taken in the upper 120 m of the water column (but integrated to 0−35 m for this analysis). Abundances were converted to carbon biomass using relationships found in the literature (krill: Morris et al 1988, Siegel 1992 for abundance to wet weight conversion, Pakhomov et al 2002 for wet weight to dry and carbon weight conversions; salps: Huntley et al 1989, Phillips et al 2009 for abundance to wet weight conversion, and Pakhomov et al 2002 for wet weight to dry and carbon weight conversions). Penguin population size (Fig.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon fluxes and pelagic ecosystem dynamics near two western Antarctic Peninsula Adélie penguin colonies: an inverse model approach

Sailley¹,

Ducklow²,

Moeller³

et al. 2013

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Some thaliaceans are found in dense populations at high latitudes (Bathmann 1988, Huntley et al 1989, or in productive shelf and coastal waters (Wiebe et al 1979, Zeldis et al 1995, particularly during the spring phytoplankton bloom (Gorsky et al 1991, Ménard et al 1994, 1997. Some thaliaceans are known to perform extensive diel vertical migration (DVM); for instance, Salpa aspera migrates over 800 m in the slope water of the western North Atlantic (Wiebe et al 1979), while Pyrosoma atlanticum migrates from 90 to 760 m with different colony sizes in the Ligurian Sea (Andersen & Sardou 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Thaliacea in SW Taiwan coastal water in 1997, with special reference to Doliolum denticulatum, Thalia democratica and T. orientalis

Tew¹,

Lo²

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Diel vertical migration of Thaliacea was monitored during different seasonal cruises in 1997 in the southwestern waters of Taiwan using samples collected by multiple plankton sampling nets and a 1 m plankton net. Overall, Doliolum denticulatum, Thalia democratica and T. orientalis were the 3 most dominant species in all seasons, and contributed ≥ 93% of the numerical total of Thaliacea. These species exhibited about a 2 times higher abundance at night than during the day, if all the data were integrated. In the seasonal multiple net samples, D. denticulatum and T. democratica exhibited an alternation between sexual and asexual reproduction between different sampling seasons, while aggregate zooids of T. orientalis, when compared with solitary zooids, dominated in all seasons and apparently increased from July to December. Different stages of these dominant species had different preferences for water depth in different seasons, suggesting that the vertical distribution of these species might be related to reproduction or food. The abundances of different stages of these thaliaceans were correlated with temperature and salinity. The time-series samples of surface water showed that species richness and abundance of these species varied seasonally, but was always greater at night than during the day. KEY WORDS: Diel vertical migration · DVM · Thaliacea · Season · Taiwan · Western Pacific Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 292: [181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193] 2005 ported 8 unnamed species from their seasonal samplings in the waters around the Nansha (Spratly) Islands in the South China Sea. He et al. (1988) studied zooplankton in the coastal upwelling area of Zhejiang, China, and found that up to 16% of the total wet weight biomass of tunicates, primarily Thalia democratica, Doliolum denticulatum and Dolioletta gegenbauri, was composed of plankton. They are distributed unevenly, increase clearly in the frontal areas, and are negatively correlated with the abundance of copepods and euphausiids. Tsuda & Nemoto (1992) reported 5 species of pelagic salps; T. democratica, Salpa fusiformis, Traustedtia multitentaculata, Cyclosalpa bakeri and Ritteriella reteacta accounted for 47% of the wet weight of zooplankton in the upper 200 m of a Kuroshio warm-core ring in summer 1987. They found that all salps appeared mainly in the surface mixed layer (0 to 20 m), with the exception of S. fusiformis, which was most abundant from 50 to 75 m. Fu et al. (1995) found only 1 thaliacean species, Cyclosalpa pinnata, with an abundance <1 ind. m -3 in zooplankton samples collected from the Pearl River estuary, southern China between June 1991 and March 1992. Among these studies, 2 were carried out in coastal areas (He et al. 1988, Fu et al. 1995, while others were concerned with salps in the open ocean or over continental slope. Relatively few of these studies discussed the DVM of salps and even fewer studies have dealt with different...

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Biometry and trophodynamics of Salpa thompsoni foxton (Tunicata: Thaliacea) near the Antarctic Peninsula in austral summer, 1983?1984

Cited by 100 publications

References 23 publications

Diet and feeding ecology of blue petrels Halobaena caerulea at Iles Kerguelen, Southern Indian Ocean

Diet and feeding ecology of blue petrels Halobaena caerulea at Iles Kerguelen, Southern Indian Ocean

Carbon fluxes and pelagic ecosystem dynamics near two western Antarctic Peninsula Adélie penguin colonies: an inverse model approach

Distribution of Thaliacea in SW Taiwan coastal water in 1997, with special reference to Doliolum denticulatum, Thalia democratica and T. orientalis

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