Biometric Personal Identification Based on Iris Recognition

Feature Extraction and Pupil Detection Algorithm Used for Iris Biometric Authentication System

“…Iris is colored part of eye as in Figure 1.1. A person's two eye iris has different iris pattern, two identical twins also has different in iris patterns because iris has many feature which distinguish one iris from other, primary visible characteristic is the trabecular meshwork, a tissue which gives the appearance of dividing the iris in a radial fashion that is permanently formed by the eighth month of gestation [27] and iris is protected by eyelid and cornea as shown in Figure 1 therefore increases security of the systems. Spoofing is very difficult with iris patterns as compare to other biometrics.…”

“…Advantages of Iris is that it is not subject to the effects of aging which means it remains in a stable form from about age of one until deat. The use of glasses or contact lenses has little effect on the representation of the iris and hence does not interfere with the recognition technology [27].…”

Enhanced Iris Recognition System – an Integrated Approach to Person Identification

“…Figure 1 shows an eye image with different portions of eye [3]. It is believed with strong evidences that each iris is unique.…”

Biometric Applications of One-Dimensional Physiological Signals - Electrocardiograms

“…fingerprints (Doi & Yamanaka, 2004;Matsumoto, et al, 2002), retinal patterns (Elsherief, et al, 2006), facial features (Daugman, 1998;Koh, et al, 1999;Philips, et al, 2003), and vein/palm structures (Doi & Yamanaka, 2004) are the leading biometric modalities used today for identity verification. Recently, one-dimensional physiological signals such as electrocardiograms (ECGs) (Agrafioti & Hatzinakos, 2008a, 2008bBiel, et al, 2001;Israel, et al, 2005;Kyoso & Uchiyama, 2001;Micheli-Tzanakou, et al, 2009;Nasri, et al, 2009;Plataniotis, et al, 2006;Saechia, et al, 2005;Shen, et al, 2002;Singh & Gupta, 2008;, photoplethysmograms (PPGs) (Ludeman & Chacon, 1995;Ludeman & Chacon, 1996;Love, et al, 1997;Ma et al, 2006;Bao et al, 2005;Wan, et al, 2007;Yao, et al, 2007) and electroencephalograms (EEGs) (Marcel & Millan, 2007) have garnered attention as promising biometric candidates based on the following thoughts:…”

“…Many biometric authentication protocols are computationally intensive and can well-utilize the emerging computational capabilities of low-power mobile devices. A broad range of biomedical data, from physiological signals/images to behavioral traits, has been explored for its biometric authentication and identification potential (Biel, et al, 2001;Chan, et al, 2008;Doi & Yamanaka, 2004;Duc, et al, 1997;Elsherief, et al, 2006;Faundez-Zanuy, 2005;Irvine, et al, 2001;Israel, et al, 2005;Shen, et al, 2002;Sullivan, et al, 2007;Yao & Wan, 2010;G. H. Zhang, et al, 2009).…”